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Author Topic:   Childhood Vaccinations – Necessary or Overkill? Sequal Thread
purpledawn
Member (Idle past 3479 days)
Posts: 4453
From: Indiana
Joined: 04-25-2004


Message 16 of 308 (427608)
10-12-2007 8:20 AM


Genetically Susceptible
In the previous thread in Message 305 I mentioned the idea presented by a 2005 article (Autism: Lots of clues, but still no answers) that brought up the idea that environmental chemicals, which includes vaccines, are still under investigation.
A chemical engineer came up with these results concerning mercury.
In Boston, Jim Adams, a chemical engineer at Arizona State University in Tempe who has an autistic daughter and believes that mercury causes many cases of autism, presented results supporting Holmes's theory. He found that children with autism have up to three times as much mercury as normal in their baby teeth, yet lower levels in their hair.
If genetically these children are susceptible to retaining chemicals instead of excreting them, then vaccines may present a hazard to those children. Even if mercury has been removed, could there be other chemical issues for these children?
From the Autism Society of America we see that some children may be born with a susceptibility to autism.
It also appears that some children are born with a susceptibility to autism, but researchers have not yet identified a single "trigger" that causes autism to develop.
If the susceptibility is there could chemicals be a trigger for some. Possibly making the issue worse than without the chemicals. There are varying degrees of autism.
There could be a whole host of chemicals that wreak havoc on the brains of genetically susceptible individuals, team member Isaac Pessah of the University of California, Davis, told the meeting. He points out that according to the US National Toxicology Report, between 60 and 80 per cent of the chemicals we are exposed to through pesticides, cosmetics and foods have not undergone adequate risk assessment.
My question would be, are the studies done on those that are considered to be genetically susceptible? I would think they would need to compare autism rates in children with the same type of vulnerability.
Since it is obvious that vaccines don't wreak havoc on everybody, maybe it is an issue of checking children for genetic susceptibility and adjusting accordingly to see if it makes a difference.
Researchers now believe that autism can be caused by genes in combination with environmental triggers. The question is, what are those triggers?
By Carey Goldberg, Globe Staff | August 13, 2007

Replies to this message:
 Message 18 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 11:43 AM purpledawn has replied

purpledawn
Member (Idle past 3479 days)
Posts: 4453
From: Indiana
Joined: 04-25-2004


Message 17 of 308 (427626)
10-12-2007 9:43 AM


Supposed Downward Trends
Are these considered reliable sources? If not, how does one verify what they are saying? What journals do MDs read to get the latest?
Early Downward Trends in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Removal of Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines
Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons Volume 11 Number 1 Spring 2006
Medical Journal: Autism Rates Decline as Mercury Removed from Childhood Vaccines
Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Inc. - March 2, 2006
I did find it interesting that the number of vaccinations have increased for children.
Up until about 1989 pre-school children got only 3 vaccines (polio, DPT, MMR). By 1999 the CDC recommended a total of 22 vaccines to be given before children reach the 1st grade, including Hepatitis B, which is given to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth. Many of these vaccines contained mercury.
As more and more vaccines were added to the mandatory schedule of vaccines for children, the dose of the mercury-based preservative thimerosal rose, so that the cumulative dose injected into babies exceeded the toxic threshold set by many government agencies. Mercury is known to damage nerve cells in very low concentrations.
From the FDA site. Provided for informational purposes not to make any specific point.
Table 1. Thimerosal Content of Vaccines Routinely Recommended for Children 6 Years of Age and Younger - (updated 7/18/2005*)
Table 2: Preservatives Used in U.S. Licensed Vaccines
Table 3: Thimerosal and Expanded List of Vaccines - (updated 9/6/2007)
Thimerosal Content in Currently Manufactured U.S. Licensed Vaccines

Replies to this message:
 Message 19 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 11:59 AM purpledawn has replied
 Message 21 by Kitsune, posted 10-12-2007 1:32 PM purpledawn has not replied

molbiogirl
Member (Idle past 2663 days)
Posts: 1909
From: MO
Joined: 06-06-2007


Message 18 of 308 (427680)
10-12-2007 11:43 AM
Reply to: Message 16 by purpledawn
10-12-2007 8:20 AM


Mercury in Children
In Boston, Jim Adams, a chemical engineer at Arizona State University in Tempe who has an autistic daughter and believes that mercury causes many cases of autism, presented results supporting Holmes's theory. He found that children with autism have up to three times as much mercury as normal in their baby teeth, yet lower levels in their hair.
I'm going to need to see this "study", PD.
Because it just isn't true.
Here's the real story.
Home Page | Quackwatch
A study published in 2002 of infants who were 6 months of age or younger compared the levels of mercury in the blood, hair, urine, and stool of 40 who received vaccines containing thimerosal and 20 who received vaccines without thimerosal. The study found:
Mercury levels in blood and urine were low in all infants studied and in many cases too small to measure. There was no observed dose-dependent relationship between the level of thimerosal received through vaccination and the level of mercury in the body.
Mercury levels in blood did not exceed, at any time, the blood levels that correspond to Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for exposure.
Mercury levels in the stool of infants receiving vaccines containing thimerosal were relatively high compared to mercury levels in the stool of infants who were not exposed to thimerosal, providing evidence that mercury from thimerosal is eliminated in the stool of infants.
The researchers concluded that, "Administration of vaccines containing thiomersal does not seem to raise blood concentrations of mercury above safe values in infants."
Pichichero ME and others.
Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containing thimerosal: a descriptive study.
Lancet 360:1737-1741, 2002.
You're right that there may be a genetic component.
But you are way off the mark with mercury.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 16 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 8:20 AM purpledawn has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 20 by Wounded King, posted 10-12-2007 12:08 PM molbiogirl has not replied
 Message 25 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 3:07 PM molbiogirl has replied

molbiogirl
Member (Idle past 2663 days)
Posts: 1909
From: MO
Joined: 06-06-2007


Message 19 of 308 (427686)
10-12-2007 11:59 AM
Reply to: Message 17 by purpledawn
10-12-2007 9:43 AM


Re: Supposed Downward Trends
Early Downward Trends in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Removal of Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines
Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons Volume 11 Number 1 Spring 2006
The PI on this study is Mark Geier.
Here's what I have to say about Mark Geier.
Home Page | Quackwatch
KAISER FOUNDATION
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
1800 Harrison Street
Oakland, CA 94162
February 25, 2004
Mark Geier, MD
Principal Investigator
The Genetic Centers of America
14 Redgate Court
Silver Springs, MD 20905
Re: A Series of Studies to Analyze the Vaccine Safety Database
Dear Dr. Geier:
On February 19, 2004, the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Institutional Review Board (IRB) suspended your research project pending the following:
* Submission of a response from you to the attached letter, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently sent to the IRB notifying it of reports received from the technical monitors who accompanied you on visits to the CDC Research Data Center (RDC)
Please note: The ITB views with great concern the reported attempt to breach confidentiality and your attempts to merge data and conduct analyses which were not in accord with CDC procedures.
Also note: as a result of this suspension, you and your co-investigator are prohibited, until notified otherwise, from accessing VSD data derived from Colorado Kaiser Permanente and Northern California Kaiser Permanente institutional officials.
Federal regulations and KPNC/IRB policy prohibit conduct of research that has been suspended by the IRB. The IRB is required to report, and will proceed to report, the suspension of this study to the CDC and Kaiser Permanente institutional officials.
The following actions are required:
* You must immediately cease all activities which involve Kaiser Permanente data, as it is required by federal regulations and KPNC IRB policy.
* You must inform the IRB of any research-related activity continued beyond this notification of study suspension, providing the reason(s) for continuation.
* You must provide written notification of study suspension and the required cessation of all research activities to the co- and sub- investigators, if any, participating in this research within five business days of receiving this notification.
The IRB requires that you provide your response to the CDC's letter to KFRI via e-mail to KPNC IRB on Lotus Notes, or KPNC.IRB@kp.org, or by U.S. Mail by noon on March 8, 2004, for review at the March 18, 2004 IRM meeting.
Sincerely
Leigh Pruneau, PhD, RN
KPNC/IRB Administrator
Furthermore, Geier's son is a lawyer who's business is suing vaccine makers.
Mark R. Geier, M.D., Ph.D., is president of Genetic Centers of America. He has been a consultant and expert witness in many cases presented to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and in civil litigation. In publications and testimony, he suggests that the thimerosal in vaccines is a cause of autism. His son David A. Geier is president of MedCon, a medical-legal consulting firm that helps vaccine injury claimants to try to obtain funds from both the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and through civil litigation.
In 2003, a special master who presided over a case of alleged vaccine injury issued a report that severely criticized Dr. Geier's analysis of a case. The ruling is especially noteworthy because the special master referred to him as "a professional witness in areas for which he has no training, expertise, and experience" and listed nine other cases in which Geier's expert testimony was given "no weight."
To see the special master document:
http://www.casewatch.org/civil/geier.shtml
Now. About Geier's study.
A critique can be found here:
Interverbal: Reviews of Autism Statements and Research: A Review of Early Downward Trends in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Removal of Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines
One of many, many problems:
Misuse of Data
The data in this study are supplied by the CDDS. This relies on the change between quarterly reports to calculate new cases. Unfortunately the CDDS has a document that states the changes between quarters can not be counted as new cases (DDS, 2005). The persons may have already been in the CDDS and receiving services under a different category or their paper work may have taken a while to collect and process, even though they were already receiving services. When such uncontrolled data are employed they contain errors of random and systematic error (Friis & Sellers, 2004).
Your second reference is superfluous. It just uses your first reference as a source.
I did find it interesting that the number of vaccinations have increased for children.
Yes, they have.
And these vaccines don't have thimerosal in them.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 17 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 9:43 AM purpledawn has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 22 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 2:44 PM molbiogirl has replied

Wounded King
Member
Posts: 4149
From: Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Joined: 04-09-2003


Message 20 of 308 (427687)
10-12-2007 12:08 PM
Reply to: Message 18 by molbiogirl
10-12-2007 11:43 AM


Re: Mercury in Children
Further to that I have a relevant reference 'Epilepsie bei Kindern und Teenagern ' which deals directly with the Jim Adams study.
I don't have time now but I will come back later on and flesh this out into a proper post not just a hit and run link.
TTFN,
WK

This message is a reply to:
 Message 18 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 11:43 AM molbiogirl has not replied

Kitsune
Member (Idle past 4322 days)
Posts: 788
From: Leicester, UK
Joined: 09-16-2007


Message 21 of 308 (427708)
10-12-2007 1:32 PM
Reply to: Message 17 by purpledawn
10-12-2007 9:43 AM


Re: Supposed Downward Trends
PurpleDawn, you might be interested in checking out the work of Dr Russell Blaylock. He is a neurosurgeon, a naturopath, and a contributor to the Mercola site.
I've been reading an article by him about vaccinations, and it brings up a number of interesting points. Chiefly, it addresses your point that a number of seemingly-innocuous factors in the environment, in our food, etc -- as well as substances in vaccines -- can work in synergy to produce illness. Clinical studies do not tend to test the effects of more than one substance at a time.
He also talks about something called bystander damage, where a prolonged immune system response can destroy healthy surrounding cells. Vaccine adjuvants can trigger this kind of prolonged response. We've been talking about adjuvants here, such as mercury, aluminum and antifreeze, and I didn't fully understand what they do. Part of the reason why they are present is to help provoke an immune response. They are also directly toxic to the brain.
You can find the article here. It talks a lot about possible contributing factors to Gulf War Syndrome. Interestingly, one factor he points out is that soldiers were drinking diet soda out of aluminum cans in 120-degree temperatures, and that these cans had been stored for weeks at a time. Drinking from an aluminum can is bad enough, but aspartame breaks down at 86 degrees; and what it breaks down into is formaldehyde and diketopiperazine, a brain tumor agent. Who thinks to look for factors such as this?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 17 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 9:43 AM purpledawn has not replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 23 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 2:59 PM Kitsune has replied

purpledawn
Member (Idle past 3479 days)
Posts: 4453
From: Indiana
Joined: 04-25-2004


Message 22 of 308 (427711)
10-12-2007 2:44 PM
Reply to: Message 19 by molbiogirl
10-12-2007 11:59 AM


Re: Supposed Downward Trends
Are the following journals considered to be peer-reviewed?
Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons
Association of American Physicians and Surgeons
Here is a recent letter written by Congressman Dave Weldon, MD, to Julie Gerberding, Director of the CDC, regarding a fraudulent CDC-sponsored study purporting to show no link between mercury-laced vaccines and autism:
There are two sides to the Dr. Geier story, so one would have to look at all the evidence and not just one side.
I feel it would be difficult for the average individual to sort out the games and politics in this one.
quote:
And these vaccines don't have thimerosal in them.
Didn't or don't currently?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 19 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 11:59 AM molbiogirl has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 24 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 3:05 PM purpledawn has not replied

molbiogirl
Member (Idle past 2663 days)
Posts: 1909
From: MO
Joined: 06-06-2007


Message 23 of 308 (427712)
10-12-2007 2:59 PM
Reply to: Message 21 by Kitsune
10-12-2007 1:32 PM


For the FIFTH time...
PurpleDawn, you might be interested in checking out the work of Dr Russell Blaylock.
You just keep hitting them out of the park, don't you, Lindalou?
Dr. Blaylock publishes in the Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association.
I am going to ask you yet again to provide reputable journals as cites.
Dr. Blaylock also serves as an associate editor of the Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons.
Here's an example of the sort of bullshit they publish:
AAPS Journal traces suppression of abortion-breast cancer link - 8/14/2003
MEDICAL JOURNAL: POLITICAL CORRECTNESS PREVENTS WOMEN FROM LEARNING ABOUT ABORTION RISKS
Politics Trumps Science in Abortion - Breast Cancer Link
Two Japanese studies showed a positive association between induced abortion and breast cancer: a 1957 study reported a statistically significant relative risk of 2.61, and a 1968 study found a relative risk of 1.51.
Looks like the Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons has the same set of standards that you have, LL. 1957! 1968!
Let's take a closer look at this "journal".
wiki writes:
The Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS) is a politically conservative association of physicians, medical professionals and students, patients and others,[1] founded in 1943.
The group had approximately 4,000 members in 2005.
Oh my goodness. 4000 members. What's that? .005% of the doctors in the U.S.?
Currently, the organization opposes mandatory vaccination,[8] universal health care[9] and government intervention in healthcare.[10] ... AAPS opposes abortion[16] and over-the-counter access to emergency contraception.[17]
In 2006 the group called attention to (AAPS') sham peer review.[23]
23. Lawrence R. Huntoon (May 9, 2006). Sham Peer Review: A National Epidemic.
Articles published in the journal have argued that the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are unconstitutional,[27] that "humanists" have conspired to replace the "creation religion of Jehovah" with evolution, [28] that increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has not caused global warming, [29] that HIV does not cause AIDS,[30] and that the "gay male lifestyle" shortens life expectancy by 20 years.[31] A series of articles by pro-life authors also claimed a link between abortion and breast cancer;[32][33] such a link has been rejected by the National Cancer Institute.[34]
The journal is not listed in the major literature databases of MEDLINE/PubMed[35] nor the Web of Science.[36]
Investigative journalist Brian Deer wrote that the journal is the "house magazine of a right-wing American fringe group [AAPS]" and "is barely credible as an independent forum."[39]
Clearly you need to rethink your sources.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 21 by Kitsune, posted 10-12-2007 1:32 PM Kitsune has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 27 by Kitsune, posted 10-12-2007 3:56 PM molbiogirl has replied

molbiogirl
Member (Idle past 2663 days)
Posts: 1909
From: MO
Joined: 06-06-2007


Message 24 of 308 (427713)
10-12-2007 3:05 PM
Reply to: Message 22 by purpledawn
10-12-2007 2:44 PM


Re: Supposed Downward Trends
Didn't or don't currently?
Thimerosal was removed from vaccines in the U.S. in 1999.
That was 8 years ago.
Autism diagnoses have not dropped since its removal.
The rate of autism diagnoses in the U.S. has increased (slightly) since then.
Which makes perfect sense, as it is the rate of diagnoses that has been increasing, not the incidence of autism.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 22 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 2:44 PM purpledawn has not replied

purpledawn
Member (Idle past 3479 days)
Posts: 4453
From: Indiana
Joined: 04-25-2004


Message 25 of 308 (427715)
10-12-2007 3:07 PM
Reply to: Message 18 by molbiogirl
10-12-2007 11:43 AM


Re: Mercury in Children
In the article it states that Jim Adams found that children with autism have up to three times as much mercury as normal in their baby teeth. Your study doesn't say it is dealing with autistic children.
quote:
But you are way off the mark with mercury.
I was addressing genetic susceptibility. Are you saying that autistic children do not have higher than normal levels of mercury?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 18 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 11:43 AM molbiogirl has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 26 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 3:28 PM purpledawn has replied

molbiogirl
Member (Idle past 2663 days)
Posts: 1909
From: MO
Joined: 06-06-2007


Message 26 of 308 (427720)
10-12-2007 3:28 PM
Reply to: Message 25 by purpledawn
10-12-2007 3:07 PM


Re: Mercury in Children
Did you bother to read the link Wounded provided?
I suppose not.
Yep, it’s the same Jim Adams who’s working on the chelation study (that I thought we’d have seen by now). Although he’s an ASU professor, the chelation study (went) through the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, after being rejected by ASU’s IRB.
The full-text of the “baby teeth” article contains statements that should have raised red flags for anyone with expertise in this field, in my opinion. Additionally, although it’s fine that Adams et al. cites what appears to be outdated science, the authors should have equally cited more recent works, which, in many cases, throughly refute the older publications. Was the full spectrum of the published literature cited? If not, why not? Let’s have a look at some of the statements and older science.
A thorough review by Bernard et al. (2001) reported that all of the major symptoms reported in the literature for autism were also reported for cases of infantile mercury poisoning, including especially language/communication problems and social withdrawal.
A thorough refutation of this paper was published in Pediatrics in 2003, and concluded in part, with the following:
“Nonspecific symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and irrational fears may occur both in mercury poisoning and in children with autism, but overall the clinical picture of mercurism”from any known form, dose, duration, or age of exposure”does not mimic that of autism”
Adams et al. states the following about oral antibiotic usage among ASD children:
Further, two studies (Konstantareas & Homatidis, 1987; Adams et al., 2003) found that children with autism had much higher usage of oral antibiotics, which (in rats) resulted in a near-total loss of the ability to excrete mercury (Rowland et al., 1980, 1984).
So one small study (42 children) from 20 years ago claims a higher rate of infection based on parental reports (I’m not sure what it says or can say about actual oral antibiotic usage). And, another is not a “study” at all, but appears to cite a DAN! Conference. That’s right if you read the references in the paper, you’ll see the the Adams et al., 2003 refers to a DAN! conference. But what really is the credibility of a small 20 year old study based on parental reports and a DAN! Conference report, compared to newer and better science that is now available?
In fact, a much larger study (more than 400 autistic children) published in Pediatrics earlier this year included the following:
“Children with subsequent diagnoses of autism do not have more overall infections in the first 2 years of life than children without autism.”
“Contrary to what we expected, these data suggest that children with ASD may have slightly lower rates of ear infections and URIs in the first 2 years of life than children without ASD. “
Adams et al. also states:
A decreased ability to excrete mercury is consistent with a recent study by Holmes et al. (2003), which found that children with autism had only one-eighth the normal amount of mercury in their baby hair (assuming that the level in hair is indicative of the level of ability to excrete mercury).
Firstly, the Adams et al. baby teeth paper appears to have seen what it wanted to with respect to the mercury found in the first baby haircuts of autistic children (Holmes et al.). The autistic children did not have one-eighth the “normal” amount of mercury in their baby hair. They had .47 (+/- .28) g/g which is higher than the children in the NHANES study average (which included 838 children ages 1-5) who had .22 (+/- .04) g/g. It was the “typical” children that had huge excesses of mercury in their hair samples in Holmes et al.
I could go on, but I think this sampling should suffice.
Not only does Adams use old data, he doesn't even quote the data accurately!

This message is a reply to:
 Message 25 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 3:07 PM purpledawn has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 40 by purpledawn, posted 10-12-2007 7:45 PM molbiogirl has replied

Kitsune
Member (Idle past 4322 days)
Posts: 788
From: Leicester, UK
Joined: 09-16-2007


Message 27 of 308 (427730)
10-12-2007 3:56 PM
Reply to: Message 23 by molbiogirl
10-12-2007 2:59 PM


Re: For the FIFTH time...
This is one organisation of which he is a member. I am not aware of his level of participation in the society, but his research and publications are all in the areas of nutritional medicine and vaccinations. I have never seen any hint of right-wing extremism in what I've read from him. In fact if Quackwatch are after him it's a good bet that big pharma thinks it's worth taking the time and effort to smear him in some way. That's what Barrett and his parrots do.
I thought this was a well written, thought provoking article. But if you don't want to have a glance that's not a problem, I was flagging it up for PurpleDawn.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 23 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 2:59 PM molbiogirl has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 28 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 4:05 PM Kitsune has replied

molbiogirl
Member (Idle past 2663 days)
Posts: 1909
From: MO
Joined: 06-06-2007


Message 28 of 308 (427731)
10-12-2007 4:05 PM
Reply to: Message 27 by Kitsune
10-12-2007 3:56 PM


Blaylock
I am not aware of his level of participation in the society...
He's an editor of their "journal".
He actively supports this right wing nuttery.
btw.
What part of .005% don't you understand?
This is unadultered fringe.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 27 by Kitsune, posted 10-12-2007 3:56 PM Kitsune has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 29 by Kitsune, posted 10-12-2007 4:20 PM molbiogirl has replied

Kitsune
Member (Idle past 4322 days)
Posts: 788
From: Leicester, UK
Joined: 09-16-2007


Message 29 of 308 (427735)
10-12-2007 4:20 PM
Reply to: Message 28 by molbiogirl
10-12-2007 4:05 PM


Re: Blaylock
You seem to be declaring "guilty by association." I haven't seen any evidence that he's written anything about right-wing nuttery or that he supports it. What I can understand is his membership in a group that is anti-establishment. The establishment hates him.
Edited by LindaLou, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 28 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 4:05 PM molbiogirl has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 30 by molbiogirl, posted 10-12-2007 4:28 PM Kitsune has replied

molbiogirl
Member (Idle past 2663 days)
Posts: 1909
From: MO
Joined: 06-06-2007


Message 30 of 308 (427739)
10-12-2007 4:28 PM
Reply to: Message 29 by Kitsune
10-12-2007 4:20 PM


Re: Blaylock
I haven't seen any evidence that he's written anything about right-wing nuttery or that he supports it.
So. Your position is:
He serves as an editor on a "journal" whose positions he doesn't support.
That's like me serving as an editor for Nexus.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 29 by Kitsune, posted 10-12-2007 4:20 PM Kitsune has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 31 by Kitsune, posted 10-12-2007 4:49 PM molbiogirl has replied

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