I think a general definition of a deleterious mutation is where the organism is less successful at contributing offspring to the next generation than it would have been without the mutation.
This means there are varying degrees of deleterious. A mutation that causes failure to live long enough to reproduce means the organism contributes no offspring to the next generation. A mutation that shortens the life of an organism means it has a reduced period during which it can contribute offspring to the next generation. A mutation that makes it less competitive means it would be less able to look after its offspring, or less successful at finding a mate. And so forth.
Humans provide a poor example of the effects of less severe deleterious mutations because of family and social group support and because of modern medicine.
--Percy