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Faith  Suspended Member (Idle past 1471 days) Posts: 35298 From: Nevada, USA Joined: |
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Author | Topic: A New Run at the End of Evolution by Genetic Processes Argument | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PaulK Member Posts: 17827 Joined: Member Rating: 2.3
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quote: The same way that wolves ALL look amazingly like wolves, despite having the genetic variation to produce so many different breeds of dog. Seriously Faith, the homogeneity of species is not due to the same lack of variation found in breeds of dog.
quote:They aren't breeds, certainly not in the sense of purebred pedigree dogs. They are species. And you forget that I am talking about a long term trend of constant genetic diversity (in successful species). Even if you argue that there is a limit on how much genetic diversity a species is "allowed" that limit is not going to decline. quote: I.e. The division between (those) species is not artificially maintained - hardly a counter-example. Where species are willing to interbreed the results are different (e.g. Introduced North American Ruddy Duck, hybridising with European White Headed Ducks. To the point where the latter was threatened with effective extinction)
quote: The fact that there is a group of genes - where diversity is especially important, and where mutation almost certainly contributes to diversity - and yet have no visible affect on appearance is not evidence that genetic variation does not have to produce visible differences in appearance ? I guess you could have said that I was offering proof rather than evidence, but anything else would be ridiculous.
quote: A point I answered. So much for "not getting" your argument.
quote: The only way to "lose" a species, other than extinction is for it to merge into another. Adding a few minor variations - to those already existing - is not going to do that. And you cannot sensibly argue that there is a limit on the "allowed" variation within a species below the variation actually existing within real species - but you are arguing just that. Even those variations that do cause obvious differences in appearance do not "lose" the species. The King cheetah mutation did not "lose" the cheetah. So IN CONTEXT your claim is clearly and obviously false.
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Faith  Suspended Member (Idle past 1471 days) Posts: 35298 From: Nevada, USA Joined: |
The same way that wolves ALL look amazingly like wolves, despite having the genetic variation to produce so many different breeds of dog. Seriously Faith, the homogeneity of species is not due to the same lack of variation found in breeds of dog. True, not always, and you are right about wolves. But at the point where a species has just formed or been forming you would not get homogeneity, you'd get scattered phenotypes from the introduction of enough mutations to correct the loss of genetic diversity which is what you are of course trying to do. I'll have to come back to the rest of this later.
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PaulK Member Posts: 17827 Joined: Member Rating: 2.3 |
quote: As I've said quite often - even in this thread - I expect the majority of the diversity to be added AFTER the new species has formed. So no, I am not arguing that the decline in genetic diversity will be "corrected" at that time. And your "scattered phenotypes" assertion is still wrong for the reasons I have already given.
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Faith  Suspended Member (Idle past 1471 days) Posts: 35298 From: Nevada, USA Joined: |
And your "scattered phenotypes" assertion is still wrong for the reasons I have already given. I've been told I'm not allowed to say I've already answered something so you need to give those reasons again. But I've probably answered them anyway, since it just has to be the case that when you have a homogeneous species and start getting gene flow of any kind into that species, whether from mutations or something else, you are at first going to get scattered new phenotypes. Why you would argue with that is beyond me.
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PaulK Member Posts: 17827 Joined: Member Rating: 2.3
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If you're going to include all variations then species are "scattered phenotypes", which makes the whole point irrelevant. Unless and until you provide some reason to single out "new" variations (which now apparently includes variations found in other populations of the species!) you don't have a point.
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PaulK Member Posts: 17827 Joined: Member Rating: 2.3
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Western Yellow Wagtail
This species' systematics and phylogeny is extremely confusing. Literally dozens of subspecies have been described at one time or another, and some 15-20 are currently considered valid depending on which author reviews them. In addition, the citrine wagtail (M. citreola) forms a cryptic species complex with this bird;[3] both taxa as conventionally delimited are paraphyletic in respect to each other. The populations of the Beringian region are sometimes separated as eastern yellow wagtail (M. tschutschensis).
Or to put it simply, the appearance is so variable that many sub-species have been proposed - and while the "real" number is much lower there's still some disagreement on how many there are. At the same time another, related species is indistinguishable by appearance. It's complicated.
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RAZD Member (Idle past 1432 days) Posts: 20714 From: the other end of the sidewalk Joined:
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Before answering this I want to see your reply on Message 176, as it is important to the comments you make. What I want to do is understand your argument so you don't say things like
... that’s not part of my thesis, ... So help me to know precisely what your thesis is, and how you see it working. Enjoy Edited by RAZD, : ... Edited by RAZD, : ..by our ability to understand Rebel☮American☆Zen☯Deist ... to learn ... to think ... to live ... to laugh ... to share. Join the effort to solve medical problems, AIDS/HIV, Cancer and more with Team EvC! (click)
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Pressie Member Posts: 2103 From: Pretoria, SA Joined: |
Faith writes: But, on the face of it, hyenas look more like dogs than like cats. However, hyenas are genetically more closely related to cats and meerkats than to dogs. More closely related to lions than to wolves. What "kind" did old Noah put on the Ark for hyenas? Of course not. Don't be silly. I'm using the breeding situation as an example of the principle involved. Just as you wouldn't maintain your breed if you allowed alien alleles into it, nature wouldn't be producing the neat clearcut examples of species that it in fact does. You know, lions that ALL look amazingly just like lions and so on Edited by Pressie, : Chaged the spelling of Hyenas to hyenas.
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herebedragons Member (Idle past 884 days) Posts: 1517 From: Michigan Joined:
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Since you think thousands of plant species disproves my argument, you DON'T understand it, as I said, since all that would mean is great genetic diversity in plants. But that's assuming the conclusion, Faith. I pointed this out previously.
And what about the polyploidy? Is that a common phenomenon in plants? Yes, it is common in plants but does occur in some animals as well Polyploid animals. The problem is that polyploidy is a mutation caused by non-disjunction during meiosis. It's a well known, observed phenomenon.
Please HBD, don't give me bright white charts which are hard to read. Please just explain the point you think they make. Explain the numbers in your own words please. My apologies, I did forget about your eye troubles. However, I did explain the chart in my own words and included the author's caption to the chart. The chart shows a trend of increasing heterozygosity and % of the total number of alleles as the breeds become more recent. If the "rule" was that breeds LOSE genetic variability the trend line should be decreasing. Newer breeds should, on average, have less heterozygosity than older breeds.
As for the claim that recent breeds have a higher number of alleles, That is not a "claim," it is what the data shows.
that could reflect the change in breeding practices from the severe selection methods they used to practice to the more careful attention to keeping the genetic diversity high enough to protect the animals' health. Even so, the diversity is not just remaining high, but increasing. You claim breeding REDUCES genetic diversity.
I looked up Golden Retriever since on your chart it is said to have been bred from the Labrador, I should have changed the Lab example like I did the others because "bred from" is not exactly the correct term I should have used. The Labrador was developed earlier and the Golden was developed later (in the same line of descent). Did you even read the quote from Wikipedia?
quote: If the chart got that wrong perhaps it got other things wrong too. If you breed different animals together you get a hybrid and the allele count should go up of course. Also the article suggests that the actual line of descent of many breeds is not known. Breeding is clearly not a straightforward process and does not produce true tree-like branching. A true breeding phylogeny would be a network consisting of hybrids all over the place. This tree shows mitochondrial DNA inheritance I believe, would show maternal descent. The Wikipedia article does say that the Golden retriever was descended from the a retriever and then hybridized with another breed. Besides, reading up a little on the history of the breeds in the retriever group (Newfoundland, Labrador, Golden, and Flat-coated) the chart seems fairly accurate to me. The interbreeding is definitely a lot more complicated that the tree shows, which as you say would introduce alleles into a breed and increase diversity. But if that is how breeding works, you don't have a case anyway. Breeding isn't just simple population splits and subsequent reduction in diversity. The study I linked shows that diversity of dog breeds has increased over time, not decreased as you say it should have. I don't know what else to say about it. HBDWhoever calls me ignorant shares my own opinion. Sorrowfully and tacitly I recognize my ignorance, when I consider how much I lack of what my mind in its craving for knowledge is sighing for... I console myself with the consideration that this belongs to our common nature. - Francesco Petrarca "Nothing is easier than to persuade people who want to be persuaded and already believe." - another Petrarca gem. Ignorance is a most formidable opponent rivaled only by arrogance; but when the two join forces, one is all but invincible.
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Admin Director Posts: 13037 From: EvC Forum Joined: Member Rating: 2.1 |
Hi Faith,
You cannot continue with unsupported assertions as foundations for your positions and arguments. I'm not going to suspend you this time, but these unsupported positions and arguments have been called to your attention over and over again, so because of this very long history they'll draw suspensions in the future. Calling to your attention just the first problematic assertions in this message:
Faith writes: The processes of evolution, which are selective subtractive processes as I’ve been using the term for this purpose, in the process of producing a new subspecies, if using new high frequency alleles, results in loss of competing alleles, which is loss of genetic diversity. This occurs from every population split, but eventually it MAY lead to the state of genetic depletion beyond which further evolution is impossible. It depends on the continuation of selections or population splits. Whether that extreme is reached or not, there should be reduced genetic diversity from population to population to one degree or another. Briefly, and supplying a couple details from things you said elsewhere, the two unsupported assertions are:
Please, no replies to this message.
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Admin Director Posts: 13037 From: EvC Forum Joined: Member Rating: 2.1 |
Faith writes: Since you think thousands of plant species disproves my argument, you DON'T understand it, as I said, since all that would mean is great genetic diversity in plants. I gave that as my evidence you don't understand it; you don't need to accuse me of making it up so I can win the debate. You've been cautioned enough times for accusing people of not understanding your argument. See you in 24 hours.
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Admin Director Posts: 13037 From: EvC Forum Joined: Member Rating: 2.1
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Faith writes: True, not always, and you are right about wolves. But at the point where a species has just formed or been forming you would not get homogeneity, you'd get scattered phenotypes from the introduction of enough mutations to correct the loss of genetic diversity which is what you are of course trying to do. You have stated a number of times that a just formed species would not be homogeneous but would "get scattered phenotypes from the introduction of enough mutations to correct the loss of genetic diversity." No one sees why "scattered phenotypes" would be an expected outcome. The next time you make this point you must support it with evidence and argument, else I will suspend you again.
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NoNukes Inactive Member
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Oh just make some kind of simple effort to get what I mean instead of blasting away with your silly straw man exaggeration. I meant what I said above: species in the wild DO appear to maintain homogeneity. That's how we know a lion from a kittycat. One of the serious errors you make when you analogize from breeds to species is exemplified by this statement. Just how "homogeneous" is the grouping 'kitty cat'? What variation must we disallow before we kick an animal out of the 'kitty kat' grouping? What variations can subspecies of humans have before we decide that they are not human anymore? If indeed races are subspecies, if a mutation of a black person produced a narrow nose or light skin, is the result no longer Negroid? Other than superficially using the features by which we differentiate races, are the races homogeneous? I've heard that all black people look alike, but isn't that just the way things look to some non discerning white folks? There are uncountable differences between a lion and a domestic cat. The likelihood that any random mutation or variation added to a cat might diminish the difference must be incredibly small given all the possible traits that might be varied. The view of species as necessarily homogeneous is totally flawed. Edited by NoNukes, : No reason given. Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846) History will have to record that the greatest tragedy of this period of social transition was not the strident clamor of the bad people, but the appalling silence of the good people. Martin Luther King If there are no stupid questions, then what kind of questions do stupid people ask? Do they get smart just in time to ask questions? Scott Adams
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Faith  Suspended Member (Idle past 1471 days) Posts: 35298 From: Nevada, USA Joined: |
Since you think thousands of plant species disproves my argument, you DON'T understand it, as I said, since all that would mean is great genetic diversity in plants.
But that's assuming the conclusion, Faith. I pointed this out previously. It is NOT assuming the conclusion for pete’s sake, it’s merely stating that it does not contradict my argument as you seem to think it does. Good grief man.
The chart shows a trend of increasing heterozygosity and % of the total number of alleles as the breeds become more recent. If the "rule" was that breeds LOSE genetic variability the trend line should be decreasing. Newer breeds should, on average, have less heterozygosity than older breeds. The chart shows breeds according to WHEN THEY WERE REGISTERED AS BREEDS. Genetically that means absolutely nothing and it’s hard to fathom why anyone would even do such a study or think you could find out anything about the genetics of the breeds from it. I’ve read up on all those you chose from the chart to prove me wrong and I’ll put that information at the bottom.
As for the claim that recent breeds have a higher number of alleles,
That is not a "claim," it is what the data shows. Not if the breeds are listed according to when they were registered and not when they were developed
that could reflect the change in breeding practices from the severe selection methods they used to practice to the more careful attention to keeping the genetic diversity high enough to protect the animals' health.
Even so, the diversity is not just remaining high, but increasing. You claim breeding REDUCES genetic diversity. Those dogs aren't even related to each other so that supposed increase in genetic diversity has nothing to do with my argument. Also I don’t claim CROSS BREEDING reduces genetic diversity and some of those breeds were formed by cross breeding. I’m only talking about SELECTIVE* BREEDING, where you only breed from one line for a particular trait. You may start with cross breeds but if selective breeding doesn't then take over it has nothing to do with my argument. In the end that chart is such a hodgepodge of unrelated things the supposed increase in genetic diversity is just incomprehensible. The whole study is so bizarre how can any of it be trusted? The recent ones are not recently BRED, just recently registered, and unless you study each one individually there is no way to know if cross breeding or selective breeding was involved.
I looked up Golden Retriever since on your chart it is said to have been bred from the Labrador,
I should have changed the Lab example like I did the others because "bred from" is not exactly the correct term I should have used. The Labrador was developed earlier and the Golden was developed later (in the same line of descent). Not according to the Wikipedia article it’s not the same line of descent. If you want to disprove my argument you have to use examples that I’m talking about and for that a dog would indeed have to be bred from a previous dog BY SELECTIVE BREEDING ALONE, that is by selecting from the earlier breed the desired traits and mating only within the breed that possesses those traits.
Did you even read the quote from Wikipedia?
Marjoribanks had purchased Nous in 1865 from an unregistered litter of otherwise black wavy-coated retriever pups. Yes I did and I quoted the part about how the Golden Retriever was the result of a CROSS (see Message 179), and the Labrador is nowhere even in the line of descent, it isn’t even mentioned. But again only SELECTIVE breeding is what I’m talking about. Cross breeding ADDS ALLELES, it’s a completely different form of breeding. My whole focus is on what happens genetically due to SELECTION AND ISOLATION. I specifically mention hybrids from time to time to say that’s NOT what I’m talking about.
If the chart got that wrong perhaps it got other things wrong too. If you breed different animals together you get a hybrid and the allele count should go up of course. Also the article suggests that the actual line of descent of many breeds is not known.
Breeding is clearly not a straightforward process and does not produce true tree-like branching. A true breeding phylogeny would be a network consisting of hybrids all over the place. This tree shows mitochondrial DNA inheritance I believe, would show maternal descent. The Wikipedia article does say that the Golden retriever was descended from the a retriever and then hybridized with another breed. Which means it can’t possibly disprove my argument. SELECTIVE breeding is what I’m always talking about. You have to have breeds that were developed that way, where you know the beginning of the selection process and can trace the genetic diversity from there. There are lots of retrievers, you can’t assume the Labrador was even in the mix, especially when you go to the article about the Labrador: Labrador Retriever and find that it was bred from the St. John’s water dog in Newfoundland, whereas the Golden Retriever was bred in Scotland as a cross between a water spaniel and a retriever. Reading about the St. John’s water dog, I find that it was the direct source of the Labrador, and that it was exported to England where it was bred with other dogs to get their retrievers. This is later than the Golden Retriever according to the other article, but it is said in this article to be descended from the St. John’s. So the Lab and the Golden are related but are not in a direct line. To prove anything about my argument they would have to be in a direct line of descent by selective breeding only. That chart that arranges them by when they were registered as breeds says absolutely nothing about them genetically.
Besides, reading up a little on the history of the breeds in the retriever group (Newfoundland, Labrador, Golden, and Flat-coated) the chart seems fairly accurate to me. The interbreeding is definitely a lot more complicated that the tree shows, which as you say would introduce alleles into a breed and increase diversity. But if that is how breeding works, you don't have a case anyway. Breeding isn't just simple population splits and subsequent reduction in diversity. Depends on the breed but my argument is only about selective breeding. You lose genetic diversity with selective breeding. That’s all I’m ever talking about. It’s SELECTION that reduces genetic diversity.
The study I linked shows that diversity of dog breeds has increased over time, not decreased as you say it should have. I don't know what else to say about it. Well you should have recognized that when a dog was registered says nothing about it genetically, and that brings the study itself into question. To say anything about my argument you’d have to have dogs in a direct line of descent. That doesn’t seem to be the case with the dogs on this chart. Why should more recently registered dogs have higher genetic diversity? The only reason I can think of is what I said earlier, that they may not have been as severely selectively bred as earlier breeds. However, so far it doesn’t look like the earlier breeds were particularly heavily selectively bred either so who knows? In any case that chart makes no sense. Now I want to go back to your earlier post (Message 178) because I did do some reading up on the dogs you chose to prove me wrong, where you conclude: Awww Snap. It doesn't look good for the theory of genetic depletion.:
HBD writes: So lets look at a couple of examples and compare their heterozygosity:
HBD writes: Labrador retrievers earliest then Golden retrievers: Prediction: Labrador > GoldenData: Golden - .657; Labrador - .641 Conclusion: Falsified Your falsification is falsified above in this case where I show that the Golden is not descended from the Labrador.
HBD writes: Pomeranian earliest then Papillon then Pug. Prediction: Pomeranian > Papillon > PugData: Pomeranian - .705; Papillon - .698; Pug - .566 Conclusion: Supports Even though it supports my argument I wanted to see if these animals are related according to your claim.
Though you say this group "supports" my claim, it can't either support or falsify it because they aren't related to each other.
HBD writes: Borzoi earliest then Greyhound. Prediction: Borzoi > GreyhoundData: Borzoi - .605; Greyhound - .648 Conclusion: Falsified
Conclusion: Falsification is falsified. There is no relation between the two breeds.
HBD writes: Pembroke corgi earliest then Border collie then Australian sheep dog. Prediction: Pembroke > Border collie > Ausi sheepData: Pembroke - .630; collie - .669; Ausi - .696 Conclusion: Falsified
Conclusion: Your falsification is falsified. There is no relation between the three breeds. Sorry, I know it made you very happy to think you’d falsified my claims. ======================= * SELECTIVE breeding comes up in this post quite a bit and since I've been asked to make it clear, at least I can give two references from the dog links above that may do that: From the Pembroke Corgi link, Both groups have worked hard to ensure the appearance and type of breed are standardized through careful selective breeding From the Australian sheep dog link: Selective breeding for many generations focused on aspects of the dog that enabled it to function as an effective stockdog in the American west. ... While the Mini size can be attained through selective breeding of small Australian Shepherds, the Toy size is typically a result of cross breeding with other toy breeds. From Wikipedia, Selective Breeding: There are two approaches or types of artificial selection, or selective breeding. First is the traditional "breeder’s approach" in which the breeder or experimenter applies "a known amount of selection to a single phenotypic trait" by examining the chosen trait and choosing to breed only those that exhibit higher or "extreme values" of that trait. The way I've been using the idea, it means traits either naturally selected or randomly selected from a population to form a new population. In breeding the drastic version of it is breeding only those individuals that possess the chosen traits from each generation. It subtracts those without the traits from the gene pool, which is the opposite of cross breeding, which adds to the gene pool a selected type expected to add desirable traits or enhance the existing traits. Edited by Faith, : No reason given. Edited by Faith, : No reason given.
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Admin Director Posts: 13037 From: EvC Forum Joined: Member Rating: 2.1 |
I wasn't going to respond to the substance of your message because as moderator I'm not a participant in the discussion, and since Taq responded to you I decided to withhold my comments until you replied and I saw what direction the subtopic took. But you didn't reply to Taq, so I'm cautioning you now, again, to refrain from propounding arguments that are absent evidence. It is fine "to get a creationist perspective into the picture," but only with evidence accompanied by argumentation that places it in a rational and comprehensible context.
You presented no evidence of overt design by a designer, or of an initial Creation event where the designs happened. When you said that embryological development "has absolutely nothing to do with any supposed evolutionary history" you provided no counterevidence to all the evidence of a relationship between embryological development and evolutionary connections. There was no argument or evidence for why fossils should be more common than they are. Please, no replies to this message.
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