Well I don't accept the premise that they evolved, so I can't effectively answer your question.
No, that's a cop-out. I don't believe that Santa Clause magically poofed whales into existence ex nihilo, but I could answer questions about what kind of ramifications I would expect from that.
Figures 16,17,and18 from this paper show the female arrangement. There is quite a variation from the males, but a very similar function to anchor the muscles related to the genitalia.
Sure, but if penis control is the "purpose" of these bones existing in whales, then it really don't make sense for the females to have them.
Because her designer knew that she would need muscles in this area of her body, and they would need anchoring points.
That's a non-answer that could be a response to any question.
Why is the sky blue? Because the designer knew that the sky would need to be blue.