The Dunning–Kruger effect

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The Dunning—Kruger effect

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The Dunning—Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which an unskilled person makes poor decisions and arrives at erroneous conclusions, but their incompetence denies them the metacognitive ability to realize their mistakes. The unskilled therefore suffer from illusory superiority, rating their own ability as above average, much higher than it actually is, ...

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... while the highly skilled underrate their abilities, suffering from illusory inferiority. This leads to the perverse situation in which less competent people rate their own ability higher than more competent people. It also explains why actual competence may weaken self-confidence: because competent individuals falsely assume that others have an equivalent understanding. Thus, the miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self, whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others.

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Similar notions have been expressed—albeit less scientifically—for some time. Dunning and Kruger themselves quote Charles Darwin (Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge) and Bertrand Russell (One of the painful things about our time is that those who feel certainty are stupid, and those with any imagination and understanding are filled with doubt and indecision.). ... Similar notions have been expressed—albeit less scientifically—for some time. Dunning and Kruger themselves quote Charles Darwin (Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge) and Bertrand Russell (One of the painful things about our time is that those who feel certainty are stupid, and those with any imagination and understanding are filled with doubt and indecision.).

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All politicians fall into this to different degrees, one need only look and the DNC and Democratic Party leadership to see their incomprehension of their faults in the last election, ... Clinton, Pelosi, Wasserman-Schultz, etc etc etc ...... but Donald Trump is the new poster child of this effect.Enjoy{Note from Adminnemooseus - There is a small existing topic that will be supplanted by the new topic.}Edited by Adminnemooseus, : Note.