One of the best ways of determining what sorts of deposits a global flood would have left is to determine what sorts of deposits actual floods leave. I went on a field trip 4 years ago to eastern Washington state to view deposits left by the Lake Missoula floods (
Missoula floods - Wikipedia) which were catastrophic by anyone's definition. The waters that were released by these floods were strong enough to carve basalt into pretty canyon-like features:
. These floods ravaged eastern Washington periodically during the ice age. The story behind the floods is actually a bit surprising, since the scientist who researched these rocks, J. Harlen Bretz, actually encountered a lot of difficulty with the scientific establishment due to anti-catastrophic bias. Eventually the evidence proved his case, and he's been cited erroneously by creationists ever since.
Key indicators of the flood include giant ripples:
, which were formed by massive quantities of water sweeping over fine-grained sediments, and erratic boulders:
which were deposited by the extremely strong water and which were moved on the order of km from their source region.
Presumably, if there was a global flood, there would be these sorts of features every where. Since we don't really see those sorts of objects much outside of a few locations worldwide, it's pretty easy to draw the conclusion that a global flood didn't occur.