So, photons are actually emited and reabsorbed? This is how light travels from point a to b? Its essentially chemical interactions?
Yes. Photons are emitted and reabsorbed by electrons. But it's important to remember that an electron's environment dictates the specific energies of the photons that the electron can emit or absorb. A spectrograph shows the pattern of large numbers of photons revealing the environment of these electrons; i.e., 2.725 K hydrogen.
No, photons do not requiring a medium to travel. Electrons hinder the travel of photons. That's why c had to be specified in a vacuum.
Not chemistry. Chemistry is the interactions of atoms and molecules via electrons. Photons are not reacting with the atom as a whole; only the electrons. However, because the atom or molecule is the environment of the electron, the energies of the associated photons tell us a lot about the atom or molecule as a whole.
Is there only 1 hally's comet or is it a different one each time it(they) passes by?
There is only 1 Halley's comet. Halley's has an extended elliptical orbit with a period of 76 years. At aphelion it is 35 times as far from the Sun as does the Earth and has a huge potential energy and little kinetic energy. At perihelion it is half as far from the Sun as is the Earth and has little potential energy and a hugh kinetic energy. There are hundreds of named comets.
Right. Potential energy is "potential energy" or energy that can be released but is not being released at the moment. Kinetic energy is energy that is being released but is specific to matter?
Kinetic energy is not being "released". Say you are floating along side the HST with a spanner in hand. Relative to you the HST has a kinetic energy 200 times greater, and the spanner 200 times lesser. Do you notice any energy transfer?
You are now a million miles away from where you were in space-time when you started reading this sentence.