How do you define the word Evolution?

Individuals do not evolve. Individuals are born with mutations; they either reproduce or they do not.Evolution, which is a change in allele frequencies in a population, cannot be meaningfully said to occur to individuals. For the individual, it's a mutation. For the population, it's evolution.

Well, they don't. They never reconstruct. The two copies of each chromosome are forever seperated by the division of the cell. To be most pedantic, the mutation is actually occuring during meiosis, the cellular division process that produces the haploid genetics of gametes.

Ok so far, the term you're looking for is "replication"; both strands of the DNA molecule are seperated from each other by enzymes and are used as templates to attach complimentary nucelotides; the end result is two copies of the same molecule, where before you had one. This occurs during prophase of mitosis. So far, so good. Your wording earlier confused me; I thought you were referring to the "reconstruction" of the paired chromosomal copies that seperate in telophase of mitosis. That's still prophase; to correct your misapprehension about the process of DNA replication, the separation of strands and the development of the complimentary strand occur in one pass along the chromosome, simultaneously. They're not seperate steps in mitosis/meiosis. That is conception. Again, to correct what appears to be your misapprehension, gametes do not contain "half DNA"; they contain full chromosomes with complete double-helix DNA. They simply contain half of the chromosomes of a normal somatic cell.During conception, chromosomes from the egg and from the sperm combine in the egg and a nucelus forms around them, but the chromosomes do not physically attach to each other or anything, they don't combine in the way that one strand of DNA is combined with its compliment to form one chromosome.All that happens is that the 23 chromosomes from the sperm are dumped in with the 23 from the egg, and a nuclear membrane forms around them.

I think you've got it backwards, or else I do. My information indicates that chromosome replication occurs first, during prophase; and then the duplicate chromosome pairs are pulled to different ends of the elongating cell, and then cytokinesis occurs and the cell is divided into two.The reason I think it happens this way is because DNA helix seperation and nucleotide replication occur in the same pass. My guess is that it would be very dangerous to the cell to have an uncomplimented DNA strand floating along; those open pyramidines and purines will probably bond to anything, and lead to lots of errors if you try to go back and run a polymerase along the strand to generate its compliment.

Part of the problem here is the confusing fact that, in your average animal cell, you've got pairs of things at every level - paired strands of DNA that seperate for replication, pairs of replicated chromosomes that line up for metotic seperation, and complimentary pairs of chromosomes 1 through 23, each one of the pair from one of two parents.Understanding how many "normal" pairs, and pairs of what, exist in a baseline cell and how many pairs, and pairs of pairs, you have during different phases of different kinds of cell divison is very confusing indeed. I have to draw little pictures to keep it straight.