Beneficial Mutations Made Simple

Both the context of the organism in which the mutation occurs, and the environmental context in which it finds itself.Labelling a mutation 'beneficial' is a very loaded statement.
It might be benficial in one context, but not in another.
The same can be said for some deleterious mutations - they are not always deleterious in all contexts.For example, a mutation for pyrethroid resistance in whiteflies is only beneficial to the whitefly population when it is useful for surviving heavy insecticide applications. When more effective biological controls are established in greenhouses, the incidence of the resistance gene decreases. This is because it is no longer 'beneficial', but is in fact 'less adaptive' that its pyrethroid-susceptible analogue in the absence of the selection pressure.Also, we need to remember that many mutations are neutral or functionally equivalent, at least until the population's adaptive topography changes...

Mathematics is the core language of science, not simply evolution.
Try engineering anything without it. You mean why you think you have enough education to come and post in a science forum?Are you here to learn something, or simply to be outspoken in your lack of knowledge?

Most proteins with complex functions (like enzymes) are very temperature sensitive. Simple mutations that result in replacement of one or two amino acids can affect the temperature sensitivity of functional proteins, for example the temperature of activation of an enzyme, because they affect the folding structure and structural integrity of the molecule, although not necessarily the active site.As organisms become exposed to warmer and warmer temperatures as a consequence of climate change, some such mutations will inevitably become 'beneficial' (even if they are currently neutral or disadvantageous) simply because proteins will be required that can function effectively at a higher range of temperatures.As our climate warms, any mutation confering improved heat tolerance could become beneficial.Edited by EZscience, : No reason given.