Note, I merely added (4) to the list in Chiroptera's very well presented and illustrated post
Message 10. I believe it needs to go in irrespective of how premature any choice is deemed to be.
But your addition of (4) is in contraindication of the scientific method, where invalidated theories are supposed to be discarded, revised or amended.
The example you give shows that this is the case with gravity, with the old theory being useful in limited cases, but superseded by the new one where necessary (I understand you can derive Newton's law within a special case of relativity, the special case that matches where we use it). Any new theory of gravity must also accomplish this trick, because we know that Newton's law does explain the motion of planetary objects at this scale, as will any new theory ... unless we are all deluded about gravity.
Hardly a good basis for falsification.
Yet we know that the motion of the moon and mars and the behavior of spaceships can be calculated according to Newton with sufficient accuracy to land little cars on both.
Any new law will explain gravity in a new way that will also explain this old evidence, because a new theory cannot be in contradiction of what has gone before.
How does that violate falsification? The application of Newton's law is (now) limited to where it can be used, and it is invalid outside that area.
Isn't this what creationists are accused of doing? Instead of addressing the flaws in their own argument they point out that other arguments are incompleteness or flawed.
No, creationists are just accused of being wrong and lying about it rather than dealing with the volumes of evidence that contradicts and invalidates their concepts.
That does not compare with areas where current theory/ies are incomplete or areas where there are anomalies with no (current) explanation within the theory/ies. Let me try this:
{A} is the evidence that is explained by Newton's "law" (a theory)
(B) is the evidence that is explained by Einstein's Relativity (a theory)
Everything in {A} is explained with sufficient accuracy by Newton's law, and everything in {B} is explained with sufficient accuracy by Einstein's Relativity, including everything in {A}. Newton's law is valid within {A} but it has been invalidated outside {A} and is not used there. A new law of gravity must also explain {A} and {B} in ways that Newton will still be valid in {A} and Einstein's Relativity will still be valid in {B} (although {A} and {B} may need to be redefined), and we will have a new bounded set {C} that is explained by the new theory that includes areas where both Newton and Einstein are invalid, and redefined to be limited to {A'} and {B'} respectively.
(4) on the other hand is what creationists and IDans do all the time. Accusing scientists of it is just an assertion that has yet to be substantiated.
Enjoy.
Join the effort to solve medical problems, AIDS/HIV, Cancer and more with Team EvC! (click)
we are limited in our ability to understand
by our ability to understand
RebelAAmericanOZen[Deist
... to learn ... to think ... to live ... to laugh ...
to share.