Open Mind (but appears to be anything but) writes:
What is the cause of the difference between the six types of quarks and their corresponding anti-quarks?
Symmetry breaking.
What is the nature of Dark Energy, and how did it evolve?
A world geometry described by an Einstein tensor with a cosmological constant. Or colliding m-branes. Or any one (or none) of several other proposed mechanisms. Not enough evidence yet to sort them out.
What would happen if a quark would knock into another quark?
They would exchange a gluon.
Would it be cut in half?
No. Quarks are elementary.
If quarks can be cut in half, what would you call a half of a quark?
A non-sequitur.
If the whole universe could theoretically be broken down into the most elementary thing (force, energy, matter, anti-matter, wave, particle, time, space, or concept) how would this simple thing possibly do anything without interacting with another thing
Because this 'thing' would have enough complex structure to interact with itself. Vaguely (very vaguely) like the ocean surface interacting with itself to produce a propagating wave
Why do laws of physics breakdown during the Big Bang?
They really don't break down. They just don't have enough inputs to describe the event. This 'break-down' is not limited to modern relativistic descriptions. In the Newtonian description of gravitationally attracted bodies, if you start with two point masses of one kilogram each separated by one meter, they will collide within an finite amount of time. At the instant of collision they will be traveling at infinite velocity and have infinite energy. What happens? We don't know because there is not enough information presented about the nature of the particles. (E. g., they might just bounce off of each other or pass through each other or break each other up. We would need to know something about their material properties to address this.) Their are many attempts to elaborate the details of our understanding of the early universe to produce laws of physics that can describe the actual occurrence of the big bang. I could mention several books written for the general population that describe this ongoing research, but it is my impression that reading is not one of your major interests.
And finally, how does gravity really work?
Really quite well, thank god.
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