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Author Topic:   Safety and Effectiveness of Herbs and Pharmaceuticals
Kitsune
Member (Idle past 4301 days)
Posts: 788
From: Leicester, UK
Joined: 09-16-2007


Message 196 of 209 (556531)
04-20-2010 9:35 AM
Reply to: Message 195 by Wounded King
04-20-2010 9:25 AM


Re: Vaccines and our Immune Evolution
Other than that I'm not sure what sort of things you think they should be looking at.
Whether the immune system is being over-stimulated. This is a crucial factor in autoimmune disease. I've read a number of sources that say vaccines encourage levels of Th2 when it is the Th1 response that should be developing as a child grows. The real handicap is that when I look up studies, usually I only have access to abstracts, and to be honest I don't have the time or the inclination to hunt down the physical journals to look through. But if someone is talking bollocks by saying a study says something when really it doesn't, I am open to that possibility. I don't like being lied to.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 195 by Wounded King, posted 04-20-2010 9:25 AM Wounded King has replied

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nwr
Member
Posts: 6408
From: Geneva, Illinois
Joined: 08-08-2005
Member Rating: 5.1


Message 197 of 209 (556534)
04-20-2010 9:38 AM
Reply to: Message 194 by Kitsune
04-20-2010 9:16 AM


Kitsune writes:
My main concern is that we don't actually know a lot about what vaccines and the ingredients in them do to the body.
On the contrary, we know a lot.
Kitsune writes:
Common sense tells me, for example, that injecting poisons such as mercury or aluminium (in any amount) into the body is not a desirable thing.
In most cases, the body can deal with this in the small amounts present. You should be more concerned about what is in processed foods.
Kitsune writes:
The incidences of autism, autoimmune diseases, and ADHD have soared, ...
I don't think we actually know that. All we know is that the number of diagnoses have soared. It might be that the increase is because we are looking harder.
Kitsune writes:
More than 30 more vaccines -- would that be OK with you?
That sounds unnecessarily alarmist. A vaccine for malaria would be great. But I wouldn't expect that to be part of routine childhood vaccination except in regions where malaria is endemic.
Kitsune writes:
Vaccines for obesity, smoking, diabetes and addictions too?
Is that what the ranting, raving loonies are saying now?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 194 by Kitsune, posted 04-20-2010 9:16 AM Kitsune has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 198 by Kitsune, posted 04-20-2010 9:52 AM nwr has replied
 Message 199 by purpledawn, posted 04-20-2010 10:06 AM nwr has replied

  
Kitsune
Member (Idle past 4301 days)
Posts: 788
From: Leicester, UK
Joined: 09-16-2007


Message 198 of 209 (556538)
04-20-2010 9:52 AM
Reply to: Message 197 by nwr
04-20-2010 9:38 AM


On the contrary, we know a lot.
About what happens when you inject mercury and aluminium into the body? Did you not ever think that they could conceivably, sometimes, find their way to the nervous system and the brain? These compounds accumulate in the brain.
You should be more concerned about what is in processed foods.
That is an issue as well, though a red herring at the moment.
All we know is that the number of diagnoses have soared. It might be that the increase is because we are looking harder.
People like to claim that about autism, though there's no proof that it's all a scare because doctors have got better at diagnosing. Also, it's pretty common knowledge (I thought) that ADHD and allergies are on the rise. It is now routine for children in schools to carry epipens, and there are so many serious cases of nut allergies in my daughter's school that the children are banned from bringing nuts there. This is not what was happening in schools a generation ago.
Is that what the ranting, raving loonies are saying now?
Try looking at the link I posted. These are real vaccines under development.
You didn't answer the question by the way. What is your vaccination limit? Or do you think they are so safe that the number of injections can be increased indefinitely?
Edited by Kitsune, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 197 by nwr, posted 04-20-2010 9:38 AM nwr has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 201 by nwr, posted 04-20-2010 11:53 AM Kitsune has not replied

  
purpledawn
Member (Idle past 3458 days)
Posts: 4453
From: Indiana
Joined: 04-25-2004


Message 199 of 209 (556540)
04-20-2010 10:06 AM
Reply to: Message 197 by nwr
04-20-2010 9:38 AM


Smoking Vaccine
quote:
Kitsune writes:
Vaccines for obesity, smoking, diabetes and addictions too?
Is that what the ranting, raving loonies are saying now?
They've been working on them.
Smoking vaccine study underway in Knoxville (8 Apr 2010)
KNOXVILLE (WATE) - East Tennessee smokers may soon have access to an experimental vaccine that takes most of the pleasure out of smoking. It's called Nicvax.
Quitters get a shot in the arm with smoking vaccine
None is yet on the market, but in late September, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) released a $10 million stimulus grant to Nabi Pharmaceuticals to help pay for the first Phase III trial — a large study designed to confirm effectiveness and monitor side effects — of a smoking-cessation vaccine. Company spokesman Greg Fries says Nabi, based in Rockville, Md., expects to begin enrolling patients in the NicVax study by year's end. ...
Kim Janda, who has been studying vaccines to treat addiction since the late 1980s, predicts one against nicotine will hit the market within two years. "I think you can make antibodies to any drug of abuse," adds Janda, a chemistry professor at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif.
Scientists Test Anti-obesity Vaccine (2006)
The new vaccine, which is directed against the hormone ghrelin (pronounced "grell-in"), a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate energy balance in the body, has shown the potential, in animal models at least, to put an end to that risky and often futile struggle.
I didn't find any current info on the anti-obesity vaccine. Maybe it didn't fly.
Swedish Diamyd Medical to apply for diabetes vaccine approval 2011 (For Type 1 Diabetes)

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 Message 197 by nwr, posted 04-20-2010 9:38 AM nwr has replied

Replies to this message:
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nwr
Member
Posts: 6408
From: Geneva, Illinois
Joined: 08-08-2005
Member Rating: 5.1


Message 200 of 209 (556558)
04-20-2010 11:30 AM
Reply to: Message 199 by purpledawn
04-20-2010 10:06 AM


Re: Smoking Vaccine
purpledawn writes:
nwr writes:
Is that what the ranting, raving loonies are saying now?
They've been working on them.
Smoking vaccine study underway in Knoxville (8 Apr 2010)
If the smoking vaccine turns out to be effective, this will likely be an expensive vaccine that people voluntarily use to help them quit smoking. It isn't going to become part of routine childhood vaccinations.
The people making a fuss over this are raving ranting loonies.

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nwr
Member
Posts: 6408
From: Geneva, Illinois
Joined: 08-08-2005
Member Rating: 5.1


Message 201 of 209 (556570)
04-20-2010 11:53 AM
Reply to: Message 198 by Kitsune
04-20-2010 9:52 AM


Kitsune writes:
nwr writes:
On the contrary, we know a lot.
About what happens when you inject mercury and aluminium into the body?
My comment about knowing a lot was intended to apply to the question of what vaccines do. I made a separate comment on the preservatives and other components, but you neglected to quote that.
Kitsune writes:
People like to claim that about autism, though there's no proof that it's all a scare because doctors have got better at diagnosing. Also, it's pretty common knowledge (I thought) that ADHD and allergies are on the rise.
If allergies are on the rise, that probably has to do with things in the environment, rather than with vaccines.
When I was young, ADHD was never diagnosed. So sure, the rate is now higher, because people are looking for it.
There are many premature babies who survive today, but who would not have survived at times past. Some of these have development problems related to the premature birth. And that could one of the things that affects autism. And then there are more women giving birth at an older age, which is a known risk for some of these problems.
Kitsune writes:
You didn't answer the question by the way. What is your vaccination limit?
In my experience, the medical profession is very conservative in its decisions on making a vaccine part of the routine childhood vaccination schedule. I have no concerns about that.
For other vaccines, available if we choose, I don't see a problem in having such vaccines available for those who want them. My personal choice depends on the various risks and amount of protection involved. I do have annual flu shots. I have avoided any allergy treatments, whether vaccine or drug, on the basis that I can manage to put up with a little allergy from time to time.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 198 by Kitsune, posted 04-20-2010 9:52 AM Kitsune has not replied

  
Wounded King
Member
Posts: 4149
From: Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Joined: 04-09-2003


Message 202 of 209 (556577)
04-20-2010 12:13 PM
Reply to: Message 196 by Kitsune
04-20-2010 9:35 AM


Re: Vaccines and our Immune Evolution
I've read a number of sources that say vaccines encourage levels of Th2 when it is the Th1 response that should be developing as a child grows.
That vaccines promote a Th2 mediated response should be trivially obvious. The whole point of vaccination is to impart long term adaptive immunity and that is something that the Th2 system has to play a major role in since it primarily stimulates the B cells which form plasma cells and most importantly B memory cells. The idea that vaccination promotes this at the expense of the Th1 system is one that doens't really seem to have any evidence supporting it. Most research seems rather to favour an absence of suitable immunological challenges as the cause of a lack of development of the Th1 system, i.e. the hygeine hypothesis (Stromberg and Carlson, 2010.
This simplistic Th1 good -Th2 bad way of thinking doesn't help anyone. Indeed there is research suggesting that increased Th1 responses are associated with Autism spectrum disorders (Li et al., 2009).
TTFN,
WK

This message is a reply to:
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Granny Magda
Member
Posts: 2462
From: UK
Joined: 11-12-2007
Member Rating: 4.0


Message 203 of 209 (558067)
04-29-2010 4:49 PM


Alt-Med Guru Gets a Taste of His Own Medicine
I tried to resist posting this... for all of about half a second;
quote:
Gary Null suit vs. supplement manufacturer claims Gary Null's Ultimate Power Meal nearly killed him
A controversial alternative health guru is suing after a taste of his own medicine nearly killed him.
Gary Null - described on quackwatch.org as "one of the nation's leading promoters of dubious treatment for serious disease" - claims the manufacturer of Gary Null's Ultimate Power Meal overloaded the supplements with Vitamin D.
Of course, it would be quite wrong for anyone to find amusement in this, or to gloat about it in any way.
quote:
The buff "Joy of Juicing" author, whose products include Red Stuff Powder and Gary Null's Heavenly Hair Cleaner, claims he suffered kidney damage and was left bloodied and in intense pain from two daily servings of the supplement.
"Null continued to take the Ultimate Power Meal, all the while thinking that it would help him, and relieve his condition; instead, it made him worse," the suit says.
Finding humour at the misfortunes of others is always very wrong, and even though Gary is an absurd quack and even though he has made a recovery, it would be quite wrong of me to mock him.
quote:
The suit filed in Manhattan Supreme Court accuses Triarco Industries of causing Null's "near-death experience" by botching the testing and manufacturing of the supplement.
Null, who also owns an eponymous food shop on the upper West Side, contends he was hit last December with "excruciating fatigue" that left him unable to walk and forced him to fly back to New York and cancel lectures, counseling and filming.
"Null would later be told that if he had not flown back to New York and seen his doctor, then he could have died within a short period of time," the suit says.
"Null then sequestered himself and fasted, only consuming massive amounts of water as he was told there was no medical treatment to lower the amount of Vitamin D in his system."
Ah screw it. This is hilarious.
Gary Null is one of those kooky nutritionist types who thinks that you can fight disease just by consuming tons of vitamins. He is also an anti-vaxer and HIV/AIDS denialist. To see him hoist by his own petard is pure schadenfreude. And how can one resist mocking a man whose publicity photo looks like this?
Why is he pulling that face? Is he doing an impersonation of Uri Geller? Is he constipated? Is he doing an impersonation of Uri Geller whilst constipated? What a prat.
What really amazes me is that I thought the possibility of vitamin D poisoning was quite well known. You'd think he would have known better.
Mutate and Survive

Replies to this message:
 Message 204 by purpledawn, posted 04-29-2010 6:40 PM Granny Magda has replied
 Message 205 by Coragyps, posted 04-29-2010 6:51 PM Granny Magda has seen this message but not replied

  
purpledawn
Member (Idle past 3458 days)
Posts: 4453
From: Indiana
Joined: 04-25-2004


Message 204 of 209 (558086)
04-29-2010 6:40 PM
Reply to: Message 203 by Granny Magda
04-29-2010 4:49 PM


Re: Alt-Med Guru Gets a Taste of His Own Medicine
quote:
What really amazes me is that I thought the possibility of vitamin D poisoning was quite well known. You'd think he would have known better.
Never heard of the guy before, but ConsumerLab.com (who is recommended by quackwatch.com) sent me an email concerning the issue. Since one has to subscribe, I can't link to the story on their site.
Vitamin D Overload in Supplement Sickens Users
On April 28, 2010, the New York Post reported that Gary Null, a nutrition promoter, was apparently sickened by his own product, Gary Null's Ultimate Power Meal, due to a manufacturing error that caused an excessive amount of vitamin D to occur in the product. Citing papers filed in a suit by Null against his manufacturer, Triarco Industries, the Post reported that the product contained 2,000,000 IU of vitamin D per daily serving instead of 2,000 IU -- a 1,000-fold increase. (As noted in the ConsumerLab.com Product Review of Vitamin D Supplements, the Upper Tolerable Intake Level for vitamin D is 2,000 IU per day. The Adequate Intake level is 400 IU to 600 IU per day, although 1,000 is often suggested for adults, particularly those with limited sun exposure.) According to the suit, Triarco was responsible for mixing the vitamin D for the product and failed to do proper testing.
He didn't do this to himself by taking too much. It was a manufacturing error. So he wasn't hoisted by his own petard. If the levels had been correct, he would have been fine as far as the Vitamin D goes.
In a response to media reports about the case, Gary Null posted a note on his website on April 28 indicating that only one lot of the product was affected, the product was removed from the market and recalled, and none of the product reached the retail market.
This isn't a case of someone taking too much on their own.
In ConsumerLab.com's view, the case demonstrates the importance of verification of the contents of dietary supplements and the need for consumers to be vigilant if they experience unexpected side-effects when using supplements. Another case of excessive vitamin D in a supplement was reported in 2004, in which a product claiming 400 IU of vitamin D per serving contained 188,640 IU.
Null apparently caught the mistake before it hurt anyone else and the one in 2004 was recalled when the mistake was discovered.
Aloe Producer Recalls Product Due to Toxic Levels of Vitamin D
The recall was initiated after it was discovered that the product contained more than the labeled amount of vitamin D due to an error in manufacturing. The 750 mg dietary supplement was packed 180 capsules per bottle and coded lot number P2207 or P2221. The lot coding can be found on the bottom of the bottle.
Solutions International Inc. reported three complaints received in the past month of customers hospitalized for vitamin D toxicity with hypercalcemia.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 203 by Granny Magda, posted 04-29-2010 4:49 PM Granny Magda has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 206 by Granny Magda, posted 04-29-2010 7:08 PM purpledawn has replied

  
Coragyps
Member (Idle past 735 days)
Posts: 5553
From: Snyder, Texas, USA
Joined: 11-12-2002


Message 205 of 209 (558088)
04-29-2010 6:51 PM
Reply to: Message 203 by Granny Magda
04-29-2010 4:49 PM


Re: Alt-Med Guru Gets a Taste of His Own Medicine
I thought the possibility of vitamin D poisoning was quite well known.
That's why you should beware of eating polar bear liver.
Well, one of a host of reasons you should.

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Granny Magda
Member
Posts: 2462
From: UK
Joined: 11-12-2007
Member Rating: 4.0


Message 206 of 209 (558091)
04-29-2010 7:08 PM
Reply to: Message 204 by purpledawn
04-29-2010 6:40 PM


Re: Alt-Med Guru Gets a Taste of His Own Medicine
Hi PD,
Never heard of the guy before
I have. I read his Joy of Juicing book. It was long on vitamins-as-panacea guff, interspersed with tasty juice recipes. I liked the parsnip and apple juice (with a pinch of nutmeg), but I was less keen on the health advice.
He didn't do this to himself by taking too much. It was a manufacturing error. So he wasn't hoisted by his own petard.
He was happy enough to promote completely non-essential vitamin supplements as if they were some kind of healing potion. Now, one of his magic dinners has poisoned him. Bang goes the "natural food supplements are safe" line that Null has been peddling.
A vitamin quack has been poisoned with vitamins. Vitamins with his name on the box. No matter who was responsible for the safety of the product that bore Null's name, you must be able to detect some small note of irony in that, no?
This isn't a case of someone taking too much on their own.
I didn't say that it was. The article I quoted makes this quite clear;
quote:
The suit filed in Manhattan Supreme Court accuses Triarco Industries of causing Null's "near-death experience" by botching the testing and manufacturing of the supplement.
Null apparently caught the mistake before it hurt anyone else and the one in 2004 was recalled when the mistake was discovered.
No, according to NYDN, Null's own lawsuit;
quote:
accuses Triarco of inadequate safety testing that led to six consumers being hospitalized with severe kidney damage.
Doubtless those people thought that what they were eating was safe. This kind of event encapsulates the reasons why these products should be properly regulated.
If this had happened to some random customer, this would merely be tragic. But when Null's own product poisons him, I can't help but find it quite funny. I guess I'm just a bad person.
Mutate and Survive
Edited by Granny Magda, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 204 by purpledawn, posted 04-29-2010 6:40 PM purpledawn has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 207 by purpledawn, posted 04-30-2010 7:25 AM Granny Magda has replied

  
purpledawn
Member (Idle past 3458 days)
Posts: 4453
From: Indiana
Joined: 04-25-2004


Message 207 of 209 (558189)
04-30-2010 7:25 AM
Reply to: Message 206 by Granny Magda
04-29-2010 7:08 PM


Re: Alt-Med Guru Gets a Taste of His Own Medicine
quote:
He was happy enough to promote completely non-essential vitamin supplements as if they were some kind of healing potion. Now, one of his magic dinners has poisoned him. Bang goes the "natural food supplements are safe" line that Null has been peddling.
So when tainted Tylenol is recalled that means untainted Tylenol is no longer safe?
To be hoisted by one's own petard means one is harmed by something that was intended to harm someone else. Null's supplements weren't meant to hurt anyone. So the idiom doesn't fit.
quote:
I didn't say that it was. The article I quoted makes this quite clear;
The article is clear, but your words imply otherwise.
Granny Magda writes:
Gary Null is one of those kooky nutritionist types who thinks that you can fight disease just by consuming tons of vitamins.
Granny Magda writes:
What really amazes me is that I thought the possibility of vitamin D poisoning was quite well known. You'd think he would have known better.
quote:
Doubtless those people thought that what they were eating was safe. This kind of event encapsulates the reasons why these products should be properly regulated.
I agree it makes a case for proper manufacturing and quality practices as with anything consumed. We assume our food, OTC's, and supplements contain what they say they contain. Errors happen.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 206 by Granny Magda, posted 04-29-2010 7:08 PM Granny Magda has replied

Replies to this message:
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Granny Magda
Member
Posts: 2462
From: UK
Joined: 11-12-2007
Member Rating: 4.0


Message 208 of 209 (558255)
04-30-2010 12:56 PM
Reply to: Message 207 by purpledawn
04-30-2010 7:25 AM


Re: Alt-Med Guru Gets a Taste of His Own Medicine
Hi PD,
So when tainted Tylenol is recalled that means untainted Tylenol is no longer safe?
That depends on what you mean by safe, but basically, it's not completely safe. It carries risks if used improperly. That fact that drugs are not completely safe is the very reason why they need to be so closely controlled.
The way that alt-med folks often present herbs and food supplements frequently ignores this. They want to pretend that their products are completely risk free. They're not. Null is happy to make claims about the dangers of pharmaceuticals (claiming that vaccines don't protect against disease), perhaps now he will be a little more forthright about the equivalent risk associated with vitamin D.
To be hoisted by one's own petard means one is harmed by something that was intended to harm someone else.
I know what it means thank you. You have chosen too narrow a definition.
quote:
be hoist by/with your own petard (formal)
if you are hoist by your own petard, something that you did in order to bring you advantages or to harm someone else is now causing serious problems for you The government, who have made such a point of criticizing the opposition's morals now find themselves hoist by their own petard as yet another minister is revealed as having an illicit affair.
See also: hoist
From Hoisted by own petard - definition of hoisted by own petard by The Free Dictionary
Null's supplements weren't meant to hurt anyone. So the idiom doesn't fit.
I somewhat disagree. Firstly, you've narrowed the meaning of the phrase too much, and secondly he was bilking his customers. There is no proven benefit to taking vit D supplements beyond normal nutrition levels that I'm aware of. He was ripping them off. That is a form of harm. He may not have intended to sell them snake oil, he seems to believe his own hype, but that's still what he was doing.
Also please note that the amount of vitamin D that was supposed to be in the meals, 2000 IU is already exaggeratedly high. The RDA for vitamin D ranges from about 200 IU to 600 IU. Not 2000 IU. Null was already playing around with ridiculous levels of vit D, something that can only have made the manufacturing error worse.
The article is clear, but your words imply otherwise.
Do they really?
Granny writes:
Gary Null is one of those kooky nutritionist types who thinks that you can fight disease just by consuming tons of vitamins.
He is one of those kooky nutritionists types. That's who he is. He does recommend super-high doses of vitamins. His "Power Meal" already had an absurdly high dose of vit D before any manufacturing error. All this is absolutely true. There is no implication here that Null took too many doses.
Granny writes:
What really amazes me is that I thought the possibility of vitamin D poisoning was quite well known. You'd think he would have known better.
Come now. There is no implication of self-administered overdose here. Null presents himself as an expert on vitamins. He is apparently so amazingly expert that he has written a book on the subject (at least one that I know of). He tours and lectures on the subject of vitamins. Then he came down with the symptoms of vitamin D poisoning.
So what does he do? He goes to his doctor! You'd think that the world-renowned expert on vitamins would be able to recognise the symptoms of vitamin D poisoning wouldn't you? Nope, apparently not. Not even when he already knows that he is taking twenty times the RDA of vitamin D! He should have recognised what was happening to him. Instead, he kept on poisoning himself until his doctor (I wonder if Null's doctor was a kooky newage one or an evil allopath?) told him to stop.
So much for Gary Null's amazing expertise on the subject of vitamins. Tune in at the same time next week, when Tigers Woods tells us how to maintain a happy marriage.
I agree it makes a case for proper manufacturing and quality practices as with anything consumed. We assume our food, OTC's, and supplements contain what they say they contain. Errors happen.
I agree. Errors happen. They happen in alt-med and they happen in the mainstream too. The mainstream medical industry is not immune to this sort of snafu, far from it. This is not to taken as an indictment of all alt-med. It does not prove that VITAMINS ARE GOING TO KILL OUT BABIES OMG!!! All I am trying to point out here is that putting biologically active chemicals into one's body is always going to carry some level of risk. That's why I am in favour of strict statutory regulation for all such products. it's the only way to ensure that as much as possible is done to protect patient safety.
Mutate and Survive

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Replies to this message:
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Theodoric
Member
Posts: 9076
From: Northwest, WI, USA
Joined: 08-15-2005
Member Rating: 3.7


Message 209 of 209 (558293)
04-30-2010 3:01 PM
Reply to: Message 208 by Granny Magda
04-30-2010 12:56 PM


Re: Alt-Med Guru Gets a Taste of His Own Medicine
Also please note that the amount of vitamin D that was supposed to be in the meals, 2000 IU is already exaggeratedly high. The RDA for vitamin D ranges from about 200 IU to 600 IU. Not 2000 IU. Null was already playing around with ridiculous levels of vit D, something that can only have made the manufacturing error worse.
You are very correct. He is selling his customers something that can potentially have severe consequences on their health. I am constantly amazed that so many intelligent people are convinced that they need some sort of vitamin regimen. If you are deficient in some sort of vitamin or mineral change your damn diet. Can any one show any evidence that mega doses of any vitamin will be helpful?
quote:
Vitamin D overdose typically happens over a period of time rather than from a single large dose. This is because, unlike most other essential nutrients we consume, the body does not excrete excess vitamin D. Instead, it is stored in the body's fat cells where it can accumulate to toxic levels over time.
According to the National Institutes of Health, the Upper Intake Levels (ULs) for the vitamin D are as follows:
* Birth to 12 months of age: 25 micrograms (1,000 IU)
* One year of age or older: 50 micrograms (2,000 IU)
Studies have also shown that, taken over long periods of time, consumption of vitamin D in amounts above the UL will result in toxicity. For children under the age of 12 months, a sustained intake of 1,000 micrograms (40,000 IU) a day will produce toxicity in just one to four months. For adults, 2,500 micrograms (100,000 IU) a day may result in toxicity in a few months.
http://vitamins.lovetoknow.com/Vitamin_D_Overdose

Facts don't lie or have an agenda. Facts are just facts

This message is a reply to:
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