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Author Topic:   What would a transitional fossil look like?
Meddle
Member (Idle past 1525 days)
Posts: 179
From: Scotland
Joined: 05-08-2006


(3)
Message 121 of 403 (850718)
04-13-2019 10:55 AM
Reply to: Message 109 by Faith
04-12-2019 12:36 PM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
But they don't. The differences are much greater than those between cats and dogs: I described the differences that define their respective genomes. The chimp's extra long muscular arms, muscular torso and short legs with hand-like feet, plus skull shape etc etc etc, amount to greater differences in body structure than those between cats and dogs.
Can I ask how do you think the genome creates the structures of the body? You talk about mutations in terms of overall damaging genes, which suggests you are thinking of genes that code for proteins. But this is only part of the story, because there is also the mechanisms which control when these genes are expressed and how they interact.
An embryo is a population of cells and as they multiply gene expression changes. So cells in a certain region form a limb bud, elongates to form an arm and finally a hand, all while the timing of when different genes are expressed changes. What you describe as differences between humans and chimps is simply differences in timing of when genes are expressed. It may not even need mutations the protein coding genes for these differences to occur.
Another example for humans and chimps is the skull development of the foetus. For both species development is almost identical, with expression of genes at first developing the size of the cranium, then there is a point when this expression is reduced and instead the expression switches more to development of the jaws. In humans this switch occurs later in development than in chimps.
Edited by Meddle, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 109 by Faith, posted 04-12-2019 12:36 PM Faith has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 122 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 12:29 PM Meddle has replied

  
Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1699 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 122 of 403 (850723)
04-13-2019 12:29 PM
Reply to: Message 121 by Meddle
04-13-2019 10:55 AM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
Can I ask how do you think the genome creates the structures of the body?
I was merely observing the fact that the adult body structure is basically the same in each species. I assume this is controlled by some part of the genome and I would like to know more about how the genome produces it but I don't see the relevance of the stages of growth as you are discussing it.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.

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 Message 121 by Meddle, posted 04-13-2019 10:55 AM Meddle has replied

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1699 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 123 of 403 (850724)
04-13-2019 12:37 PM
Reply to: Message 119 by RAZD
04-13-2019 2:37 AM


Re: Comparisons by Faith, the fun continues
You aren't thinking and there is nothing hilarious about any of this except your refusal to think about what I'm saying. The bulldog and the whippit body structures differ in an overall way, the bulldog more squashed, the whippet more elongated, but nevertheless the basic structure is similar in the sense I was talking about it: more rigid build than a cat's in both cases, same limb shape, head positioned above shoulders etc. Differences in size, length etc., don't matter in my frame of reference which I would think would be obvious from the fact that I was clearly referring to ALL dog breeds. The basic shape is the same. Actually considering what I said would help.
For all I know and for all you said the scientists don't say anything appreciably different on this subject than I'm saying.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
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Replies to this message:
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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1699 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 124 of 403 (850725)
04-13-2019 12:45 PM
Reply to: Message 120 by Tangle
04-13-2019 3:36 AM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
I made a simple observatgion about the similarity of body structure as seen on charts illustrating trilobites. I said nothing whatever about what scientists say about it AND NEITHER DID YOU. You assume a lot. For all you know they would agree about my general point. You don't bother to think you just blow hot air.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 120 by Tangle, posted 04-13-2019 3:36 AM Tangle has replied

Replies to this message:
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Tangle
Member
Posts: 9581
From: UK
Joined: 10-07-2011
Member Rating: 6.5


(1)
Message 125 of 403 (850726)
04-13-2019 1:20 PM
Reply to: Message 124 by Faith
04-13-2019 12:45 PM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
Faith writes:
I made a simple observatgion about the similarity of body structure as seen on charts illustrating trilobites.
You actually said this
All the changes are superficial, not much of a record for the ToE which should produce far more dramatic changes if species-to-species evolution were actually true.
Which is a crass and stupid thing to say which no scientist would agree with.
quote:
Because trilobites had wide diversity and an easily fossilized exoskeleton, they left an extensive fossil record, with some 50,000 known species spanning Paleozoic time. The study of these fossils has facilitated important contributions to biostratigraphy, paleontology, evolutionary biology, and plate tectonics. Trilobites are often placed within the arthropod subphylum Schizoramia within the superclass Arachnomorpha (equivalent to the Arachnata),[7] although several alternative taxonomies are found in the literature.
Trilobites had many lifestyles; some moved over the sea bed as predators, scavengers, or filter feeders, and some swam, feeding on plankton. Most lifestyles expected of modern marine arthropods are seen in trilobites, with the possible exception of parasitism (where scientific debate continues).[8] Some trilobites (particularly the family Olenidae) are even thought to have evolved a symbiotic relationship with sulfur-eating bacteria from which they derived food.
Trilobite - Wikipedia
Basic, basic stuff.

Je suis Charlie. Je suis Ahmed. Je suis Juif. Je suis Parisien. I am Mancunian. I am Brum. I am London.I am Finland. Soy Barcelona
"Life, don't talk to me about life" - Marvin the Paranoid Android
"Science adjusts it's views based on what's observed.
Faith is the denial of observation so that Belief can be preserved."
- Tim Minchin, in his beat poem, Storm.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 124 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 12:45 PM Faith has replied

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JonF
Member (Idle past 423 days)
Posts: 6174
Joined: 06-23-2003


Message 126 of 403 (850727)
04-13-2019 1:29 PM
Reply to: Message 123 by Faith
04-13-2019 12:37 PM


Re: Comparisons by Faith, the fun continues
Differences in size, length etc., don't matter in my frame of reference which I would think would be obvious from the fact that I was clearly referring to ALL dog breeds. The basic shape is the same.
And the same as cats.
Plus, humans and chimps are the same by your criteria.
Edited by JonF, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 123 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 12:37 PM Faith has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 127 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 2:48 PM JonF has replied
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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1699 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 127 of 403 (850729)
04-13-2019 2:48 PM
Reply to: Message 126 by JonF
04-13-2019 1:29 PM


Re: Comparisons by Faith, the fun continues
I described the differences between humans and chimps to show the differences. They are far less similar than dogs and cats to each other.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 126 by JonF, posted 04-13-2019 1:29 PM JonF has replied

Replies to this message:
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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1699 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 128 of 403 (850730)
04-13-2019 2:51 PM
Reply to: Message 125 by Tangle
04-13-2019 1:20 PM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
What I said scientists would likely agree with is the general three-lobed shape as the basic structure of trilobites.
But the willful ignorance here is really not worth bothering about. I can talk to other people who will get the point and you all can continue to deceive yourselves as you like.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.

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Replies to this message:
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JonF
Member (Idle past 423 days)
Posts: 6174
Joined: 06-23-2003


Message 129 of 403 (850731)
04-13-2019 2:57 PM
Reply to: Message 127 by Faith
04-13-2019 2:48 PM


Re: Comparisons by Faith, the fun continues
They are far more similar than dogs and cats. Your ignorant description of your fantasy notwithstanding.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 127 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 2:48 PM Faith has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 130 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 2:59 PM JonF has replied

  
Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1699 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 130 of 403 (850732)
04-13-2019 2:59 PM
Reply to: Message 129 by JonF
04-13-2019 2:57 PM


Re: Comparisons by Faith, the fun continues
Gosh a bald assertion. A really stupid one too.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 129 by JonF, posted 04-13-2019 2:57 PM JonF has replied

Replies to this message:
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JonF
Member (Idle past 423 days)
Posts: 6174
Joined: 06-23-2003


Message 131 of 403 (850733)
04-13-2019 3:01 PM
Reply to: Message 128 by Faith
04-13-2019 2:51 PM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
Yeah, it's easy to find people as ignorant as you that will cheer you on. But here you are.
No, that's not at all what you said scientists would agree with.
You actually said this
All the changes are superficial, not much of a record for the ToE which should produce far more dramatic changes if species-to-species evolution were actually true.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 128 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 2:51 PM Faith has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 132 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 3:03 PM JonF has replied

  
Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1699 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 132 of 403 (850734)
04-13-2019 3:03 PM
Reply to: Message 131 by JonF
04-13-2019 3:01 PM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
You are not reading the right statement. But that one is true too. The structure remains as described, it's the superficial parts that vary, and if the ToE were true the structure would change too. And I didn't say scientists would agree with me about this, just about the basic sameness of the structure.
What I've been saying is simple and true. Not worth talking to idiots about such things.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 131 by JonF, posted 04-13-2019 3:01 PM JonF has replied

Replies to this message:
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JonF
Member (Idle past 423 days)
Posts: 6174
Joined: 06-23-2003


Message 133 of 403 (850735)
04-13-2019 3:06 PM
Reply to: Message 130 by Faith
04-13-2019 2:59 PM


Re: Comparisons by Faith, the fun continues
Just like your bald assertion that the differnces are great.
But mine is true
quote:
According to [Kevin Hunt, director of the Human Origins and Primate Evolution Lab at Indiana University], if you shave a chimp and take a photo of its body from the neck to the waist, "at first glance you wouldn't really notice that it isn't human."
Chimps vs. Humans: How Are We Different? | Live Science

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JonF
Member (Idle past 423 days)
Posts: 6174
Joined: 06-23-2003


Message 134 of 403 (850736)
04-13-2019 3:10 PM
Reply to: Message 132 by Faith
04-13-2019 3:03 PM


Re: Thought Experiment for Faith
[qqs]and if the ToE were true the structure would change too.[/qs] Not necessarily, especially if the environment didn't change much.

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 Message 132 by Faith, posted 04-13-2019 3:03 PM Faith has not replied

  
dwise1
Member
Posts: 6077
Joined: 05-02-2006
Member Rating: 7.2


Message 135 of 403 (850737)
04-13-2019 3:12 PM
Reply to: Message 126 by JonF
04-13-2019 1:29 PM


Re: Comparisons by Faith, the fun continues
Plus, humans and chimps are the same by your criteria.
Actually, not just Faith's hyper-simplistic phenotype criterion (ie, having the same "basic shape") would classify humans and chimps as being of the same species, but also her criterion of having the same basic genome.
Humans and chimps have many of the same genes in the same places on the same chromosomes. Ah, she would equivocate and back-pedal yet again, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes instead of 24 as chimps have. In fact, if you look at human Chromosome 2, you find that it was formed by the end-to-end fusion of two ancestral chromosomes which are still separate in chimps -- its very structure demonstrates that it is two fused chromosomes (eg, a second vestigial centromere, vestigial telomeres in the middle of the chromosome). Not only have we identified the two "ape chromosomes" that fused to form human Chromosome 2, but we have also found the same genes in the same places on human Chromosome 2 that are on the two "ape chromosomes".
Additionally, for decades now biochemists working with protein sequence comparisons have found the genetic commonalities between chimps and humans to be amazing. In 1990 I wrote a report on Duane Gish's deliberate lie on national TV about a bullfrog protein showing humans and bullfrogs to be more closely related (the most evidence he ever provided to support that was admitting that it was based on a joke he had overheard about the protein having been taken from an enchanted prince who had been turned into a frog ... seriously!). At the time, I posted it in a CompServe library and have re-posted it on my site: THE BULLFROG AFFAIR or The Enchanted Prince Croaks.
Here is my report what Dr. Russell Doolittle reported on the PBS documentary (copied from that show's transcript):
quote:

In a recent article in _Discover_ magazine, Dr. Russell Doolittle tells
how his early research in protein comparisons had sparked his interest in
evolution. In a 1982 PBS program ("Creation vs Evolution: Battle in the
Classroom", KPBS-TV, aired 7 July 1982), he told this story:
Doolittle: "Ever since the time of Darwin the chimpanzee has been
regarded as man's nearest living relative. Naturally it was then
of interest to biochemists to see what chimpanzee proteins would
look like. Now the first protein to be looked at in a chimpanzee,
and compared with a human, was the hemoglobin molecule -- hemoglobin
one of the blood proteins -- and in fact, there were no differences
found in the chimpanzee molecule when 141 amino acids were looked at
in the hemoglobin alpha chain. In contrast, if you looked at a
rhesus monkey, there were four differences; or if you looked at a
rabbit, you found the differences got up into the 20s. If you got
up to a chicken you'd find 59 differences; and if you looked at a
fish you'd find there were more than a hundred differences. Now
this is exactly what you expect from the point of view of evolution."
Narrator: "Three more proteins were analyzed."
Doolittle: "Once again, no differences compared -- chimpanzee
compared with human. It was astonishing. In fact a rumor began
to sweep around biochemists, that maybe all the differences
between chimpanzee and human were really going to turn out to be
cultural. Well, in fact, one more protein was quickly looked at
-- this was a large one -- 259 amino acids -- and a difference
was found. Whew!"

Well, now according to Faith's "new and improved" criteria, it turns out that humans and chimps are indeed the same species and the differences are purely cultural.
On that page, I review several creationist claims about protein comparisons, including Walter Brown's infamous rattlesnake protein (which was still in his on-line book last I saw, though in a footnote without any details). From http://cre-ev.dwise1.net/bullfrog.html#RATTLESNAKE:
quote:

Then in the Summer of 1984, Kenney wrote to Walter Brown about the fetal
horse hemoglobin. Brown responded with a telephone call. Kenney tried to get
Brown to confirm or deny the ICR's claims, or at least to pressure the ICR to
produce some kind of documentation. Brown refused, but instead offered another
claim: rattlesnake proteins.
Brown claimed that on the basis of data from a 1978 study by Margaret
Dayhoff, comparisons of cytochrome c show that the rattlesnake is more closely
related to humans that to any other organism. When Kenney asked Brown to
provide the name of the scientific journal and the page number in which Dayhoff
had reached this conclusion, Brown stated that he couldn't. Dayhoff had never
reached such a conclusion, but rather Brown's son had used Dayhoff's data to
reach that conclusion for a science fair project. It was Brown's son who had
concluded that rattlesnakes are more closely related to humans by cytochrome c
than to any other organism.
For fifteen dollars, Brown sent Kenney photocopies of his son's project
(apparently, Brown's price depends on who you are). Kenney wrote:
"In the project I quickly found that the rattlesnake and humans differed
by only fourteen amino acids. Humans and rhesus monkeys differed by
one amino acid. Later, Brown called me again and then explained that
of the forty-seven organisms in the study, the one closest to the
RATTLESNAKE was the human, not that the one closest to the human was
the rattlesnake. You see, among the forty-seven there were no other
snakes." (CEN Vol.4 No.5 Sep/Oct 84, pg 16)
Most of the other organisms in the study were as distantly related to the
rattlesnake as were humans; it is coincidence that human cytochrome c was just
barely less different than the others. Obviously, this is just semantic
sleight-of-hand which can serve no other purpose than to mislead and it is so
blatant that Brown had to know what he was doing.
Later after a debate, Kenney found Brown telling a small group about
rattlesnakes being more closely related to humans than to any other organism.
When Kenney started explaining to the group how misleading that was, Brown
quickly changed the subject.

Note also that chimpanzees were also not included in the Dayhoff study. About half a decade after having written that, I obtained a library of protein sequences for various organisms and software to perform those comparisons. I ran the comparison of cytochrome c between humans and chimps. Do you remember how rhesus monkeys and humans differed by one amino acid? The difference between chimps and humans was zero. Chimp and human cytochrome c are identical.
Yet more evidence for Faith to show that humans and chimps are of the same species.
Well, if for no other reason than for sh17s and giggles, here is Gish's deliberate lie on national TV. Copied from that same PBS documentary described above, here is Dr. Duane Gish's response to Dr. Doolittle's story of chimp and human protein comparisons:
quote:

The Bullfrog Affair itself starts with the KPBS production, "Creation vs
Evolution: Battle in the Classroom", which aired 7 July 1982. After Dr.
Doolittle related his story of the chimpanzee blood proteins (see above), Dr.
Duane Gish responded:
"If we look at certain proteins, yes man then, it can be assumed
that man is more closely related to a chimpanzee than other things.
But, on the other hand, if you look at certain proteins, you will
find that man is more closely related to a bullfrog than he is to a
chimpanzee. If you focus your attention on other proteins, you'll
find that man is more closely related to a chicken than he is to a
chimpanzee."
This was immediately followed by Dr. Doolittle's response, "Oh bullfrog!
I've heard that gibberish before, I have to tell you." This was the first
recorded use of "Bullfrog" that I am aware of. Then Doolittle indicated a
book full of amino acid sequences from thousands of proteins taken from
many hundreds of species and offered Gish all his worldly belongings, a '63
VW and half a house, if Gish could find just one protein in chickens or
bullfrogs that is more closely related to human proteins than chimpanzee
proteins.

What followed was a comedy of errors in Gish's attempts to perform a cover-up, which ended with him claiming that if we wanted that evidence so much, then it was our responsibility to come up with that evidence, not his. Gee, doesn't that sound so very familiar from all our dealings with creationists?
It also became common practice for years afterwards to respond to typical creationist BS, especially when done by Gish himself, with cries of "Bullfrog!" instead of "Bullshit!"
BTW, the original researchers didn't know what Gish had meant by his references to chicken proteins, but I think that I've tracked it down to Gary Parker's misrepresentation of the book, The Structure and Action of Proteins by Richard Dickerson and Irving Geis (1969, page 78). In their discussion of "molecular clocks" which is dating estimation based on the accumulation of neutral mutations (and therefore not subject to natural selection), they used the example of the evolution of lysozymes into alpha-lactalbumin, which were subject to selection, to warn against over-simplistic application of the "molecular clock" idea. Either Gary Parker was unable to understand what Dickerson was writing or else he deliberately misrepresented it. The answer to that question is pretty much a toss-up.

This message is a reply to:
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Replies to this message:
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