RAZD writes:
During development it could be pollutants in food (like this Propionic acid studied here).
Development continues after birth for 10 to 20 years (depending on where you draw the line for brain development), as children consume foods contaminated with it.
I was under the impression that autism first showed in the first few years of life, so we can probably ignore the 10+ stage of development.
It also isn't established that propionic acid affects fetal brain development at all. The study that you linked looked at the effects of of propionic acid on cultured brain cells in a petri dish. They never looked at actual brain development. They also didn't establish that the levels of propionic acid used in the experiments are representative of levels found in the brain of mothers or infants who ingest processed foods. Next, we don't even know if the changes in the cultured cells correlates with autism.
It's an interesting paper that could be used to justify further research into propionic acid, but it is far from an actual piece of evidence for the cause of autism.