alright, you want source on the common fucking (don't fucking censor me. it'll just make me cuss all the hell more.) knowledge of ADHD being hereditary and having to do with the arousal of the frontal lobe.
ok here goes. some of these have session ids in the addresses, so i've tried to post the titles so you can find them as the link will probably break.
Biochemical markers and genetic research of ADHD.The research of only some candidate genes (DRD4, DAT, DRD5, DBH, 5HTT, HTR1B and SNAP25) brought relatively consistent results confirming the heredity of ADHD syndromes.
factsheetCauses of ADHD: Although an increasing amount of research indicates that attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is the result of a disorder of the brain, so many factors might contribute to it that no single cause is likely to be identified soon. Contributing factors can be divided into (1) psychological causes and (2) environmental causes (IDEA 2004, Friend).
— Physiological Causes- research has explored heredity as a cause in ADHD. It has been found that children whose parents have ADHD are three times more likely to have this disorder that other children (IDEA 2004, Friend).
— Brain differences have also been investigated to cause ADHD. The prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and the basal ganglia have been found to function differently in individuals with ADHD.
ADHD Prescriptions Run in Families now, assuming you don't think we're all just druggies...
Like previous studies showing the increasing use of these medications by adults, the study found that in families with both a parent and a child who started to take an ADHD medication during 2005, 41 percent of the time it was the parent filling the prescription first, followed by the parent's filling the prescription for the child.
The study also found a striking correlation between mother and child: in households where both a parent and child began treatment for the first time in 2005, nearly 60 percent of the time it was mother and child, rather than father and child. The average age of the parent beginning ADHD medication was 43 years, while the average age of children beginning treatment was 13 years.
Further findings showed that in families where at least one parent and one child were concurrently taking an ADHD medication, the likelihood of a second child taking the medication was double that of families where the parent was not on the drug.
"Heredity has long been suggested as a cause of ADHD, but this is the first study of significant magnitude to confirm the theory," said Robert Epstein, M.D., Medco's chief medical officer. "These results establish a clear link between parents and children in the use of ADHD medications and, most surprisingly, between mother and child."
Genetic Effects on ADHD Symptomatology in 7- to 13-Year-Old Twins: Results from a Telephone Survey Model-fitting results suggested that ADHD symptomatology is highly heritable and influenced mostly by additive genetic, specific environmental, and contrast effects. However, this analysis could not exclude with statistical significance additional effects from dominance. The results of the best-fitting bivariate model suggested that the genetic correlation between the two traits is 50% and replicated previous findings of a common genetic factor influencing the comorbidity of ADHD and ODD/CD symptomatologies.
Does the Definition of ADHD Affect Heritability? Broadly defined pervasive ADHD appears to be as heritable as ADHD behaviors defined by maternal reports alone. A common genetic factor influences maternally rated and teacher-rated ADHD but does not account for all of the genetic variance for teacher-rated ADHD. ADHD symptom scores are highly heritable, and maternal contrast effects appear to vary for different measures.
ADHD in Adulthood: A Guide to Current Theory, Diagnosis, and Treatment
book warning. but, it's by johns hopkins press, so it's a REAL book.
The introductory chapter provides a scholarly overview of the literature on ADHD, addressing key issues, including the clinical course of the disorder in adolescence and adulthood and adult outcomes of children with ADHD, diagnostic features and criteria for ADHD in adulthood, associated symptoms common in adult ADHD but not included in the diagnostic criteria, effects of ADHD on employment and other realms of adult functioning, gender differences in the presentation of ADHD, and roles for biological, genetic, and environmental determinants in the etiology of ADHD.
No Evidence of Sleep Apnea in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
There were no sleep abnormalities in the ADHD children that could be responsible for, or contributing to, the disorder.
Frontal Lobe Functioning in Boys With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
this study examines the differences between boys with adhd and boys with frontal lobe injuries.
Prior attempts to relate attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to frontal
lobe dysfunction have yielded mixed results. The present study attempted to minimize
several methodological problems that may have contributed to these inconsisten
cies. A relatively large sample of rigorously defined ADHD boys (n = 66) and
controls (n = 64) at two different age levels were administered a battery of neuro
psychological tests sensitive to frontal damage in adults. ADHD boys were inferior
to controls on a Vigilance task, Stroop, FAS, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, and
Porteus Mazes. The groups did not differ on Trail Making or on aspects of Wis
consin Card Sorting sensitive to cognitive flexibility. ADHD boys and controls were
comparable on several control tasks. Both groups showed a developmental advance
in skills implicating prefrontal cortex between ages 6 to 8 and ages 9 to 11. but
the relative deficit of the ADHD children appeared stable during this period. It is
suggested that a longitudinal study would assist the interpretation of resemblances
and differences between ADHD boys and adults with known frontal lobe impairment.
Perform ance of Children with ADHD on Tests Sensitive to Frontal Lobe Dysfunction.
The performances of 20 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were compared with those of 20 matched normal controls on a battery of neuropsychological tests. The ADHD children exhibited impaired function in reading comprehension, verbal learning and memory, and on the Information, Arithmetic, Digit Span, Block Design, and Coding subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, but they performed nearly normally on measures of verbal and design fluency and on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The hypothesis that disturbances in frontal lobe function related to impulse control may be responsible for the cognitive impairments observed in ADHD was not supported. Inability to control and direct attention appears to be more central to the pathophysiology of this disorder.
huh. how about that. maybe the frontal lobe thing is bupkis. who knew. awesome.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the frontal lobe syndrome.
The usefulness of frontal lobe (FL) dysfunction as a conceptual model for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was investigated. Twenty-four ADHD and 24 normal control (NC) children were tested using two batteries of tasks. The first was sensitive to FL deficits in motor control and problem solving skills. The second consisted of memory tasks sensitive to temporal lobe dysfunction. ADHD children differed significantly from NCs on measures of FL function, but not on tests of temporal lobe functions. Where norms were available for normal children on the same FL tests, ADHDs performed like 6- to 7-year-olds, despite their mean age of 10 years and minimum age of 8 years. The differential performance of ADHDs on tasks sensitive to FL and temporal lobe dysfunction supports the hypothesis that ADHD deficits are analogous to FL dysfunction and demonstrates that the children's deficits do not reflect generalized cognitive impairment.
oh wait, maybe it isn't bupkis.
A neuropsychological examination of the underlying deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: frontal lobe versus right parietal lobe theories.
A neuropsychological approach was used to examine the frontal lobe and right parietal lobe theories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Considerable attempts were made to select as pure a group of ADHD boys as possible. The performance of 10-14-year-old ADHD boys (n = 22), both on and off stimulant medication, was compared with the performance of non-ADHD control boys (n = 22) on tasks purported to assess frontal lobe functioning (Stopping Task, Antisaccade Task, Tower of Hanoi) and right parietal lobe functioning (Visual-Spatial Cuing Task, Turning Task, Spatial Relations). Three important findings emerged: (a) unmedicated ADHD boys exhibited performance deficits on tasks in both frontal and parietal domains compared with control boys, (b) unmedicated ADHD boys appeared to be more severely impaired on the frontal tasks than on the parietal tasks, and (c) medicated ADHD boys performed better in both task domains compared with unmedicated ADHD boys. Several alternative interpretations of the results are discussed.
Frontal lobe functions in attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: A review and research report
Thus, while both types of ADD share some apparent similarities in deficits on a few frontal lobe tests in this study, the totality of existing findings suggests an additional problem with perceptual-motor speed and processing in the ADD/-H group.
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