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Author Topic:   a poison for anti-evolution ID theorists
Silent H
Member (Idle past 5840 days)
Posts: 7405
From: satellite of love
Joined: 12-11-2002


Message 31 of 95 (58371)
09-28-2003 8:00 PM
Reply to: Message 29 by Warren
09-28-2003 4:42 PM


First of all, please reply to specific posts by hitting the reply button at the button of the specific post. When you use the general reply button at the end of the whole page, a person may not know their post has a reply waiting to be answered.
I'll answer both of your replies in this single post.
As far as ID theorists trying to replace evolution, well I... I'm almost dumbfounded. The whole point of ID theory is to replace evolutionary theory. While most of them accept "micro" evolutions, they wholly reject "macro" evolutions.
Behe is the only ID author that explicitly says that "macro" evolution may be possible, agreeing that his charges may apply only to abiogenesis.
My recommendation is that you go to discovery.org and check out their website. That should start you on your way. Or go to the library and pick up Wells' Icons of Evolution, or anything by Dembski.
If you do not believe the point of ID is to replace evolutionary theory, I would like to know what you think ID is and how the two are supposed to fit together side by side?
As far as your randomness not qualifying as a scientific hypothesis, I wonder what that has to do with the taxiflora and its powerful refutation against hardcore ID theory?
I suppose I could easily replace "natural and random" with "naturally occuring". The point is that no scientist went in an fiddled with the DNA to create a new species. Through natural DNA transmission and reproduction mechanisms, the DNA of a single male plant contained an error (or miscopy) which gave it new properties and thereby formed a new species.
------------------
holmes

This message is a reply to:
 Message 29 by Warren, posted 09-28-2003 4:42 PM Warren has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 33 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 1:32 PM Silent H has replied

  
Mammuthus
Member (Idle past 6495 days)
Posts: 3085
From: Munich, Germany
Joined: 08-09-2002


Message 32 of 95 (58436)
09-29-2003 4:23 AM
Reply to: Message 29 by Warren
09-28-2003 4:42 PM


quote:
Randomness doesn't qualify as a scientific hypothesis. In order to qualify as a stochastic hypothesis, it necessary to define specifically what type of probability to distribution is being proposed and it is necessary to demonstrate that the distribution assumed is in fact valid. Unless the probability distribution being used is defined and validated, random mutation simply means ‘we don’t know what type of mutation will occur". It is not possible to generate testable predictions with a ‘I don’t know’ distribution assumption. Since there is no testable predictions there is no scientific hypothesis.>>
Then you have a problem since mutation distributions follow a normal distribution and mutation rate per site is both something that can be calculated AND tested for accuracy....and we do know what type of mutation will occur, a transition or a transversion...alternatively and insertion or deletion.
But since you are back can you now
1. propose a testable hypothesis of ID
2. show how it can be falsified
3. show the supporting evidence
4. show how it explains the observations better than competing hypotheses or theories?
Thanks in advance

This message is a reply to:
 Message 29 by Warren, posted 09-28-2003 4:42 PM Warren has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 34 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 4:39 PM Mammuthus has not replied

  
Warren
Inactive Member


Message 33 of 95 (58528)
09-29-2003 1:32 PM
Reply to: Message 31 by Silent H
09-28-2003 8:00 PM


What is ID?
Holmes<< As far as ID theorists trying to replace evolution, well I... I'm almost dumbfounded. The whole point of ID theory is to replace evolutionary theory. While most of them accept "micro" evolutions, they wholly reject "macro" evolutions.>>
You obviously don't understand what ID is all about. ID is not truly theory, nor hypothesis. ID is a distinct epistemology. ID, like methodological naturalism, is a framework for theories and hypotheses, an epistemological underpinning for theories and hypotheses.
ID removes the assumption of non-teleology from the epistemology of origins research and the evolutionary sciences, putting them on epistemological par with archaeology and SETI. It adds potential alternatives to the spectrum of possibilities to be considered. It allows a broader range of hypothesis.
Bruce Gordon, director of The Baylor Science and Religion Project
at Baylor University describes ID research thusly:
"What has come to be called 'design theory' is at best a means for mathematically describing, empirically detecting, and then quantifying teleology (goal-directedness) in nature, without prejudging where or whether it will be found. Secondly, if it is granted that teleology might be an objective part of nature, then it also has to be acknowledged that design research can be carried out in a manner that does not violate methodological naturalism as a philosophical constraint on science. I have no attachment one way or the other to methodological naturalism as a metascientific principle, but honesty demands the recognition that design-theoretic research does not logically entail its denial."
As far as ID replacing evolutionary theory, Gordon has this to say:
"Design theory is at best a supplementary consideration introduced along- side (or perhaps into, by way of modification) neo-Darwinian biology and self-organizational complexity theory. It does not mandate the replacement of these highly fruitful research paradigms, and to suggest that it does is just so much overblown, unwarranted, and ideologically driven rhetoric."
Holmes<< I suppose I could easily replace "natural and random" with "naturally occuring". The point is that no scientist went in an fiddled with the DNA to create a new species. Through natural DNA transmission and reproduction mechanisms, the DNA of a single male plant contained an error (or miscopy) which gave it new properties and thereby formed a new species.>>
That you think this is a problem for the design perspective demonstrates that you are clueless as to what ID is. Perhaps you could explain to me what you think ID is. You seem to equate ID with the proposition that every species is specially created from scratch by the intervention of a designing intelligence.
[This message has been edited by Warren, 09-29-2003]
[This message has been edited by Warren, 09-29-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 31 by Silent H, posted 09-28-2003 8:00 PM Silent H has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 36 by Silent H, posted 09-29-2003 5:07 PM Warren has not replied

  
Warren
Inactive Member


Message 34 of 95 (58580)
09-29-2003 4:39 PM
Reply to: Message 32 by Mammuthus
09-29-2003 4:23 AM


Testable ID hypotheses
Mammuthus says:
"But since you are back can you now
1. propose a testable hypothesis of ID
2. show how it can be falsified
3. show the supporting evidence
4. show how it explains the observations better than competing hypotheses or theories?"
Design theorist Mike Gene says:
I have provided many testable ID hypotheses on various forums. All I need is a specific topic and a suspicion that I am dealing with design. Proofreading mechanism in transcription? I used ID to offer a testable hypothesis. Chaperone distribution among Archaea? I used ID to offer a testable hypothesis. The information state entailed by cellular life? I used ID to offer a testable hypothesis. The role of diffusion in cellular life? I used ID to offer a testable hypothesis. Degradosome function? I used ID to offer a testable hypothesis. The origin of viruses? I used ID to offer a testable hypothesis. In fact, just recently I analyzed tubulin/ftsZ and used ID to come up with no less than four testable hypothesis (see TeleoLogic No.1 at Welcome idthink.net - BlueHost.com )
[This message has been edited by Warren, 09-29-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 32 by Mammuthus, posted 09-29-2003 4:23 AM Mammuthus has not replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 35 by Rei, posted 09-29-2003 4:51 PM Warren has replied
 Message 37 by Silent H, posted 09-29-2003 5:11 PM Warren has replied

  
Rei
Member (Idle past 7033 days)
Posts: 1546
From: Iowa City, IA
Joined: 09-03-2003


Message 35 of 95 (58584)
09-29-2003 4:51 PM
Reply to: Message 34 by Warren
09-29-2003 4:39 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
Pick one of Mike Gene's claims, so that we can pick it apart
------------------
"Illuminant light,
illuminate me."

This message is a reply to:
 Message 34 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 4:39 PM Warren has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 38 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 5:29 PM Rei has replied

  
Silent H
Member (Idle past 5840 days)
Posts: 7405
From: satellite of love
Joined: 12-11-2002


Message 36 of 95 (58590)
09-29-2003 5:07 PM
Reply to: Message 33 by Warren
09-29-2003 1:32 PM


You can tell me I don't know what ID is all you like, but that will not change the fact that I understand it quite well. Not only that, it cannot reverse the fact that I presented a real challenge to ID with my original post.
If in fact this poses no problem for ID theory, then by all means address the taxiflora instead of lobbing ad hominem attacks on me.
We have had several threads devoted to the tenets and nature of ID theory itself and you have declined to particpate in them or dropped out when you were proven wrong. That and the fact that you pop up here and did not address the topic of how ID theorists handle x mediterranean from its "epistemological" perspective leaves me less than interested in responding, but sometimes I can't tell when to leave good enough alone.
warren writes:
You obviously don't understand what ID is all about. ID is not truly theory, nor hypothesis. ID is a distinct epistemology. ID, like methodological naturalism, is a framework for theories and hypotheses, an epistemological underpinning for theories and hypotheses.
I have discussed this pretty much in depth in the threads you appear to enjoy avoiding. You apparently do not understand what ID is about if you believe that it is purely an epistemological replacement.
There are two levels of ID. One level is certainly to address (ie criticize) the methodological naturalism which underlies science as a whole (evolution just one of many scientific theories).
The other is to replace evolutionary theory (the theory that speciation was the result of evolutionary processes) with the theory that different species were the result of intelligent design.
If I am incorrect, please explain how the mousetrap-flagellum analogy relates to epistemology and not explanations of speciation. On that subject, please explain the entirety of Behe's "Darwin's Blackbox" as well as the entirety of Wells' "Icons of Evolution." Neither are focused on philosophical targets. The question is of explanatory power of evolutionary theory, and proposes that design is the logical replacement.
It is true that some ID theorists, perhaps many, have focused on the first level of attack. Most notably Dembski and Johnson. That does not remove the FACT that evolutionary theory is the target of replacement.
If not then we'd be talking about "Hume's black box" and the "Icons of methodological naturalism".
warren writes:
ID removes the assumption of non-teleology from the epistemology of origins research and the evolutionary sciences, putting them on epistemological par with archaeology and SETI.
This simply shows you have no understanding of either archeology or SETI. Both are firmly rooted in methodological naturalism.
If they were based in teleological epistemology then SETI would not be trying to discern possible intelligently created radio signals from natural ones, by matching similarities to human communications. What it would be doing is trying to figure out who created all of those radio waves and what each one meant.
Likewise archeology would not be asking was this item manmade or not, and if so for what purpose, it would be asking for all items: who made this and why.
Actually trying to use two sciences, grounded in methodological naturalism, which attempt to determine whether something was designed, as an argument for shifting the grounding of science to a teleological based epistemology is absurd.
Find some science which is firmly based in epistemic teleology that has been successful as a tool for understanding the world around us, and maybe ID arguments along that line would make more sense.
Unfortunately for ID theorists it's not like such telic sciences have never existed. They were once prominent... and they all crapped out. Dembski's horrific attempts to revive them from the dead make me wonder how necromancy squares with his Xtian beliefs.
Your first quote from Gordon exhibited a hallmark of ID discussion: building strawmen.
Methodological naturalism in no way states that things may not, or do not, have teleological natures. The only thing that methodological naturalism precludes is stating that they have such natures or assuming that they do, before there is any evidence along those lines. Making such presumptions will more often (in fact "always has" is a better description) thrown scientific investigations off course.
Thus one can easily grant that "teleology might be an objective part of nature", but one cannot use teleology as an explanatory force for phenomoena, until it has some explanatory force for that phenomena. Otherwise one is jumping the gun.
Like we could start every chemical investigation with the assumption that ionic bonding somehow plays a part. We could even grant that ionic bonding is the principle force behind all chemical reactions. But we'd end up ill served by such an assumption.
Likewise while teleology may exist in nature, it is pretty clearly not necessary in all natural events, so starting with that assumption in every case (even with biology) would seem equally ill-served.
The second quote shows the other hallmark of ID: lying to make it appear ID isn't doing or saying what it quite evidently is doing and saying. This is heightened by the ever present mantra "we're not saying evolution is wrong, just that evolutionists are such deceitful ideologues you can't believe what they say."
warren writes:
"Design theory is at best a supplementary consideration introduced along- side (or perhaps into, by way of modification) neo-Darwinian biology and self-organizational complexity theory. It does not mandate the replacement of these highly fruitful research paradigms..."
Explain very carefully what this statement means. How does the presupposition that life was designed, or may have been designed, fit alongside basic research into biological structures, and more importantly the nature of speciation?
Then square it with the anti-neo-darwinist rhetoric through most ID literature.
You know I could pull up many ID quotes regarding how it has nothing to do with Xtianity. Nevermind that the title of one of Dembski's book is bridging science and religion (specifically Xtianity). Nevermind that the discovery institute talks about how replacing evolution with teleology will have some sort of moral consequences which they can tell you about as Xtians. Nevermind that they punk on any evolutionist who declares themselves as an atheist (as proof that evolution leads to atheism... ID can't?).
Just because someone says something doesn't make it true. You just have to look at how it logically fits together. ID is not a part or partner of neo-Darwinism, otherwise it would simply be neo-Darwinism.
warren writes:
You seem to equate ID with the proposition that every species is specially created from scratch by the intervention of a designing intelligence.
This just goes to show you don't know what I think ID is about. I am not going to repeat all of my posts in other threads which you have ditched. Go to the myriad of ID threads that I have either started or responded to you--- and you disappeared--- to piece together what I think of ID.
What really galls me is I even started a thread to explore real evidence of design in biological organisms. In that thread I stated there could be objective evidence along the lines of what archeo or SETI uses to make such a determination.
While ID theory makes the epistemic and methodological mistake of presuming design, there are certainly reasons to believe criteria of some kind could be developed to detect "design" and perhaps reasons we will need to develop such criteria as genetic engineering becomes more prevalent.
Where were YOU to stick up for me, or to develop credible ID methodology along these lines?
------------------
holmes

This message is a reply to:
 Message 33 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 1:32 PM Warren has not replied

  
Silent H
Member (Idle past 5840 days)
Posts: 7405
From: satellite of love
Joined: 12-11-2002


Message 37 of 95 (58594)
09-29-2003 5:11 PM
Reply to: Message 34 by Warren
09-29-2003 4:39 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
Mammuthus says:
"But since you are back can you now
1. propose a testable hypothesis of ID
2. show how it can be falsified
3. show the supporting evidence
4. show how it explains the observations better than competing hypotheses or theories?"
Design theorist Mike Gene says:
"One out of four ain't bad"
Warren, you do realize that nowhere in that quote does Mr Gene say he did anything other than number 1 or 2. Hahahahaha. That's a joke in and of itself.
Anyone can make hypotheses, the point is they have to be good hypotheses.
How about you give it a try, because Mr Gene needs some help.
------------------
holmes
[This message has been edited by holmes, 09-29-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 34 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 4:39 PM Warren has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 45 by Warren, posted 09-30-2003 2:53 PM Silent H has replied

  
Warren
Inactive Member


Message 38 of 95 (58602)
09-29-2003 5:29 PM
Reply to: Message 35 by Rei
09-29-2003 4:51 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
REI<< Pick one of Mike Gene's claims, so that we can pick it apart.>>
Scientists "pick apart" each others hypotheses all the time. That's how science works. That's part of the testing process. The challenge from the ID critics on this forum was for me to present testable ID hypotheses. If you can falsify them that will only prove they are indeed testable.
[This message has been edited by Warren, 09-29-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 35 by Rei, posted 09-29-2003 4:51 PM Rei has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 39 by Rei, posted 09-29-2003 5:31 PM Warren has replied

  
Rei
Member (Idle past 7033 days)
Posts: 1546
From: Iowa City, IA
Joined: 09-03-2003


Message 39 of 95 (58603)
09-29-2003 5:31 PM
Reply to: Message 38 by Warren
09-29-2003 5:29 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
If a hypothesis is picked apart and cannot be defended, then it is likely a false hypothesis.
So, please, pick one, so that we can attempt to prove that it is a false hypothesis. If you choose not to defend it, then why did you bring up the quote in the first place?
------------------
"Illuminant light,
illuminate me."

This message is a reply to:
 Message 38 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 5:29 PM Warren has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 40 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 5:47 PM Rei has replied

  
Warren
Inactive Member


Message 40 of 95 (58607)
09-29-2003 5:47 PM
Reply to: Message 39 by Rei
09-29-2003 5:31 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
Rei: "If a hypothesis is picked apart and cannot be defended, then it is likely a false hypothesis."
Warren<< The challenge to me was to present testable ID hypotheses not pick-proof hypotheses. If I presented pick-proof hypotheses then you would be complaning they were unfalsifiable. Heads you win, tails I lose. >>
Rei<< So, please, pick one, so that we can attempt to prove that it is a false hypothesis. If you choose not to defend it, then why did you bring up the quote in the first place?>>
Warren<< I already did my job by presenting testable ID hypotheses. If it is your contention that these hypotheses are actually untestable then the burden is on you. You pick one and demonstrate it's untestable. >>
[This message has been edited by Warren, 09-29-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 39 by Rei, posted 09-29-2003 5:31 PM Rei has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 41 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 6:09 PM Warren has not replied
 Message 42 by Rei, posted 09-29-2003 6:42 PM Warren has not replied
 Message 43 by Mammuthus, posted 09-30-2003 4:08 AM Warren has replied

  
Warren
Inactive Member


Message 41 of 95 (58610)
09-29-2003 6:09 PM
Reply to: Message 40 by Warren
09-29-2003 5:47 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
Holmes<< You can tell me I don't know what ID is all you like, but that will not change the fact that I understand it quite well. Not only that, it cannot reverse the fact that I presented a real challenge to ID with my original post. If in fact this poses no problem for ID theory, then by all means address the taxiflora instead of lobbing ad hominem attacks on me. >>
I repeat. If you think this example of yours poses any problem whatsoever for the ID perspective then you don't understand ID. If you are not invoking ID as the proposition that every species is specially created from scratch by the intervention of a designing intelligence then I fail to see why you think your example is a problem for ID. I can't very well address the so-called taxiflora problem if I don't know what the problem is suppose to be. I have no reason to believe that any ID scientist researching taxiflora would have come to any other conclusion for it's origin than what you presented.
[This message has been edited by Warren, 09-29-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 40 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 5:47 PM Warren has not replied

Replies to this message:
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Rei
Member (Idle past 7033 days)
Posts: 1546
From: Iowa City, IA
Joined: 09-03-2003


Message 42 of 95 (58617)
09-29-2003 6:42 PM
Reply to: Message 40 by Warren
09-29-2003 5:47 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
I get to pick? I was being nice, and letting you pick which one you felt was the strongest defended. You kind of Gished me there by giving several at once
Let's go with degradosome function for starters. ID states that the degradosome was designed. Evolution states that it evolved. First off, some detail. The degradosome is a complex of a number of enzymes designed to brake down a variety of chemicals, the most notable of which is RNA. To falsify absolutely the notion of ID being involved, one would have to actually witness something else becoming a degradosome - the odds of which are virtually nil. However, one can find evidence that the degradosome evolved, which is evidence stacked against ID as a consequence. Here's a couple:
1) Mitochondria act as "captured" independent organisms, and have a complete set of organelles and chemical complexes - including degradosomes - that are completely different from their host's. Why would a creator put in this unecessary duplication of function in? The mitochrondia need to hold an equivalent section of code in their RNA to code for their degradosomes as a consequence. This just introduces a new place in which a cell can "break" and be, in effect, dead because of a mutation.
2) The degradosome of many organisms that have been studied contains its, own very simple piece of RNA, which is used to carry out a portion of life which life could exist without (reclamation of chemicals used for other purposes), but would be notably less efficient. The formation of things like the degradosome are expected in a hypercycle (an early stage of abiogenesis) which increase efficiency and thus lead to the preference of replication in a cycle which has them over those which don't. The degradosome, however, is not so complex as to make its assembly unlikely.
------------------
"Illuminant light,
illuminate me."

This message is a reply to:
 Message 40 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 5:47 PM Warren has not replied

  
Mammuthus
Member (Idle past 6495 days)
Posts: 3085
From: Munich, Germany
Joined: 08-09-2002


Message 43 of 95 (58704)
09-30-2003 4:08 AM
Reply to: Message 40 by Warren
09-29-2003 5:47 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
You will notice that I asked for a testable hypothesis that is falsifiable. Where in all of this do you see that any of this can be falsified? The IDists rely on the outcomes of the testable hypothesis of evolution and then say "goddidit" ahem I mean " it was designed"
Ok, your and Greenes hypothesis is that it is designed. Let's continue with the degradation pathways...what is the test for design? What will falsify the hypothesis that degradation enzymatic pathways are designed?
for example, Gene claims
quote:
proteins with similar conformations, but differing properties, are expected to be found through a process of rational protein design
How is this falsifiable? What is rational protein design? The entire homology debate was based on circular reasoning and argumentation based on indredulity.
I am not interested in this. I want to know if there is a testable hypothesis which so far I have not seen. The null hypothesis of the test is that it was not designed but niether you nor Gene have shown how you would ever be show that the null hypothesis is indeed correct. For this reason, ID is not science.
[This message has been edited by Mammuthus, 09-30-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 40 by Warren, posted 09-29-2003 5:47 PM Warren has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 44 by Warren, posted 09-30-2003 2:47 PM Mammuthus has replied

  
Warren
Inactive Member


Message 44 of 95 (58788)
09-30-2003 2:47 PM
Reply to: Message 43 by Mammuthus
09-30-2003 4:08 AM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
Mammuthus<< You will notice that I asked for a testable hypothesis that is falsifiable. Where in all of this do you see that any of this can be falsified? The IDists rely on the outcomes of the testable hypothesis of evolution and then say "goddidit" ahem I mean " it was designed".>>
I don't know what you are talking about. The testable hypothesis that Mike Gene is presenting is this:
"Enolase functions in the degradosome as a prong that plugs the degradosome into the glycolytic pathway so that ATP generated by pyruvate kinase is then quickly channeled to the helicase to fuel its unwinding activity. That is, the degradosome is a dynamic modular machine that literally is plugged in to turn it on. But it can also easily be unplugged to turn it off, which is why scientists don't pull out other glycolytic enzymes attached to enolase. The reversible nature of degradosome function makes it possible to regulate its activity. The nice thing about this hypothesis is that it explains why enolase is still functioning as a glycolytic enzyme. But it also means enolase is not an example of an alternative function."
I don't see any "goddidit" claim here, nor do I see anything that is unfalsifiable.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 43 by Mammuthus, posted 09-30-2003 4:08 AM Mammuthus has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 49 by Mammuthus, posted 10-01-2003 3:48 AM Warren has replied

  
Warren
Inactive Member


Message 45 of 95 (58790)
09-30-2003 2:53 PM
Reply to: Message 37 by Silent H
09-29-2003 5:11 PM


Re: Testable ID hypotheses
Holmes: We have had several threads devoted to the tenets and nature of ID theory itself and you have declined to particpate in them or dropped out when you were proven wrong.
Warren<< Nonsense. I haven't been proven wrong about anything.>>>
Holmes<< You apparently do not understand what ID is about if you believe that it is purely an epistemological replacement.>>
Warren<< Should I consider this an ad hominem attack or does this only apply when I assert you don't understand something?>>
Holmes<< There are two levels of ID. One level is certainly to address (ie criticize) the methodological naturalism which underlies science as a whole (evolution just one of many scientific theories).
The other is to replace evolutionary theory (the theory that speciation was the result of evolutionary processes) with the theory that different species were the result of intelligent design.>>
Warren<< You just don't know what you are talking about. First of all, ID is perfectly compatible with methodological naturalism. Secondly, I'm not aware of any ID theorist that maintains that speciation isn't a natural process. >>
Holmes: If I am incorrect, please explain how the mousetrap-flagellum analogy relates to epistemology and not explanations of speciation. On that subject, please explain the entirety of Behe's "Darwin's Blackbox" as well as the entirety of Wells' "Icons of Evolution." Neither are focused on philosophical targets. The question is of explanatory power of evolutionary theory, and proposes that design is the logical replacement.
Warren<< All the ID theorists I'm aware of think of ID as a parallel, alternative approach and not as a replacement.
The debate about ID often revolves around either/or thinking - either ID is true and should serve as the basis of science or it is not true and should continue to be excluded. But why can't we take a both/and approach? It's not a question of the teleological view replacing the mechanistic view, it's a question of using both perspectives in parallel (such a both/and perspective could be used by individuals and/or a community). That is, just as light is best understood when viewed as both wave and particle, might not the origin of biological complexity involve both teleological and non-teleological explanations?>>
[This message has been edited by Warren, 09-30-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 37 by Silent H, posted 09-29-2003 5:11 PM Silent H has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 46 by NosyNed, posted 09-30-2003 3:42 PM Warren has not replied
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