The experiment was started with a lot of bacteria in the beginning.
Not actually. You misunderstood. Many colonies were derived from a single source.
Then the colonies were stamped and stamped on a plate with penicillin on it.
I'm not sure what "stamped and stamped" means. I do know what it means to stamp one plate with another.
Some colonies survived and some did not.
Penicillin was then introduced on the original plate and the same colonies on it died.
OK. So the colonies that died did not have the mutation that made them resistant to penicillin.
Thus my conclusion that some of the original bacteria had immunity and some did not.
But the original bacteria were from the same source.
The immunity had to exist in their DNA and was not acquired during the experiment.
Actually, this experiment has been done so many times under so many restrictions that there is little doubt that the immunity to antibiotics arises anew during the experiment from genetic mutations.
How do you explain a strain of bacterium that is able to metabolize waste products from the manufacture of nylon 6?
To quote Wikipedia:
quote:
In 1975 a team of Japanese scientists discovered a strain of Flavobacterium, living in ponds containing waste water from a nylon factory, that was capable of digesting certain byproducts of nylon 6 manufacture, such as the linear dimer of 6-aminohexanoate, even though those substances are not known to have existed before the invention of nylon in 1935. Further study revealed that the three enzymes the bacteria were using to digest the byproducts were significantly different from any other enzymes produced by other Flavobacterium strains (or any other bacteria for that matter), and not effective on any material other than the manmade nylon byproducts.
Are you trying to tell us that these bacteria, that don't exist anywhere else in the world, have existed since the creation of the earth in this one spot, even though this one spot was not always a waste pond from this nylon production facility?
Really? You aren't aware that mutations in a variety of organisms have been observed and documented? If all humans arose from a single created pair, and if genetic diversity were not increased by several mechanisms of evolution (primarily mutation), then the genetic difference between all humans would be less than the difference between 1st cousins. Given any two individuals (a male and a female), it is only possible that they carry 4 alleles for any gene. On average, for every gene in the human genome there are 14 alleles (some more, some less). Where did they come from? The original humans could not have possibly have carried all of these alleles.
It borders on idiocy to deny that mutations occur in reproducing organisms. Especially since bacterial resistance to penicillin was non-existent back in the 40s. And now there are strains of bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics that we have. And most antibiotics we have have been developed during my lifetime. Ever heard of MRSA? I recently had a major spinal surgery. Even though I was heavily drugged during my hospital stay (I had surgery on Monday morning and was discharged on Saturday morning - I remember only bits and pieces), I was sent home before I was able to walk. The danger from mutant strains of infectious bacteria in hospitals is so great that that it is better to send the patient home than stay in the hospital.
By the way, that hospital has a very low rate of hospital acquired infections.
Edited by pandion, : To add comment.
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