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Author | Topic: Did the coming of Jesus render the Law of the old testament null and void | |||||||||||||||||||||||
purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
The Mosaic Laws were the basis for the Jewish legal system when they were an independent nation. Jesus did not do away with the Jewish legal system. The Jewish followers of Jesus still followed the Mosaic Laws as allowed by the Romans.
To their neighbors these early followers of Jesus, for they did not yet bear the distinctive designation of Christian, must have appeared another sect of Judaism, predominantly Galilean in membership, distinguished from other Jews by their belief that Jesus was the Messiah and by their expectation of the early return of their Lord. Their leader, James, appears to have been especially conservative in his loyalty to Jewish customs. They continued to use the temple as a place of worship and observed the Jewish law, including its ceremonies, circumcision, and the dietary regulations. Even some of the pharisees joined them. So far as we know, their numbers were recruited entirely from Jews and proselytes to Judaism. --From the book "a History of Christianity" by Kenneth Scott Latourette, 1953. The Mosaic laws as presented in the OT were the laws of a functioning government. Notice many of the laws also pertained to those living within the land but not of Jewish descent. It was the foundation of a legal system.
The community is to have the same rules for you and for the alien living among you; this is a lasting ordinance for the generations to come. You and the alien shall be the same before the Lord: The same laws and regulations will apply both to you and to the alien living among you. (Numbers 15:13-16) At some point Christianity was no longer part of Judaism and since the Jews were no in power, the Gentiles weren't required to follow the Jewish laws. A History of Christianity by Kenneth Scott Latourette, 1953.
Christianity quickly moved out of the Jewish community and became prevailingly non-Jewish. As early as the time that Paul wrote his letter to it, a generation or less after the resurrection, the church in Rome was predominantly Gentile. This in itself was highly significant: Christianity had cease to be a Jewish sect and, while having roots in Judaism, was clearly new and different from that faith. In becoming non-Jewish in its following, Christianity was entering into the Hellenistic world. In becoming non-Jewish in its following, Christianity was entering into the Hellenistic world. (Page 75) As the separation between Judaism and Christianity became more obvious and as the majority of Christian converts began to be drawn from the Gentiles, while antagonism between Jews and Christians did not decline, persecution of Christians by Jews was less frequent. (Page 81) Few of the second and third century apologists devoted much attention to the Jews and Judaism. By the time that they wrote, the separation of the Christian community from Judaism was almost complete and Christians were being drawn primarily from paganism. (Page 83) In Acts, we see that the Gentiles were given some basics to adhere to that would make fellowship between the Gentiles and Jews easier.
"Therefore it is my judgment that we do not trouble those who are turning to God from among the Gentiles, but that we write to them that they abstain from things contaminated by idols and from fornication and from what is strangled and from blood. For Moses from ancient generations has in every city those who preach him, since he (i.e. The Torah) is read in the synagogues every Sabbath." (Acts 15:19—21) The implication is that those basic rules would work as they learned the ropes of Judaism. Unfortunately Jewish Christianity became extinct.
How Christianity Rose To Dominate Europe During the Council of Jerusalem in 50 AD, it was determined that Gentiles would be accepted by all Jews into the Christianity movement, and that certain Jewish practices were not necessary for their inclusion, especially circumcision. This brand of Jewish Christianity largely died out as a result of this, as the new idea of a religion independent of Judaism eclipsed the original Jewish-centric creed. The fate of Jewish-Christianity was sealed with the slaughters and deportations of Jews in Jerusalem, between 70-130 AD, in response to the Jewish revolts against the Roman Empire. Jewish Christians were largely located in and around Jerusalem. Therefore, the majority were killed or deported, essentially uprooting Christianity from among the Jewish settlements in the Palestinian region. As Jewish Christianity dwindled into extinction by the 2nd century, it was the Gentiles that took the mantle of Christianity, continuing the struggle against Roman persecution in order to survive as a religion. First, Christians were seen as a sect of the Jewish religion, which was disdained in the Roman Empire, as it conflicted with the worship of the Greco-Roman Gods. Christians and Jews were also known for their zealous revolts. Furthermore, many in the Roman Empire believed that Christianity offended the Greco-Roman Gods, which is why Paul and Peter were blamed for the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, leading to their martyrdom. None of this made the Mosaic Laws or Jewish Laws null and void for Jewish believers and Gentiles never were required to follow the Mosaic laws aside from when they were part of a functioning legal system or if one joined Judaism. Jesus didn't have the authority to do away with a legal system.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:I don't feel that Paul did nullify the Mosaic Laws. He didn't have that authority. Paul was Torah obedient. His issues were more about Gentile Christians being compelled to do rituals they didn't need to do to be part of the Jewish community. Galatians 2:11 is not about abolishing the Mosaic Laws for the Jews. Politics of the time.
Galatians 2 Commentary It seems that during the late forties and fifties, Jewish Christians in Judea were facing bitter antagonism from Zealot-minded Jews for socializing with Gentiles. The fierce Jewish nationalism rampant in Palestine at that time led to harsh treatment of any Jew who associated with Gentiles. It is likely that the delegation from James simply reported to Peter that his open and unrestricted association with Gentiles in Antioch would cause (or had already caused) the church in Jerusalem to suffer greatly at the hands of the circumcision group, Jewish nationalists. It was more about hypocrisy. Don't confuse justification with expected behavior of a group and don't confuse Paul's arguments concerning justification and behavior. His argument is that Gentile Christians weren't adopted into God's family because of stellar behavior, but through belief just like Abraham. (Romans 4) He didn't nullify any laws that pertained to the Christian Jews or Gentiles. Right behavior was still expected. Even in the Mosaic Laws, not everything pertains to both Jews and Gentiles.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote: quote:The Laws in the OT are the basis for the Jewish Laws. By the first century there was more to the Jewish Laws than just what was written in the OT. This thread is about whether the Law of the OT was rendered null and void. Not Jewish Law in general. The circumcision group has been identified as Jewish nationalists, not necessarily Jewish Christians.
Galatians Paul says, "because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group." We have defined this latter group as a group of ardent Jewish nationalists, based in Jerusalem, who urged all groups in Jerusalem and Judaism to live faithfully according to the law. I don't see it written in the OT that Jews were forbidden to eat with Gentiles (613 Mitzvot). I think it was more a part of the "fence around the Torah".
Gezeirah: A Fence around the Torah A gezeirah is a law instituted by the rabbis to prevent people from accidentally violating a Torah mitzvah. For example, the Torah commands us not to work on the Sabbath, but a gezeirah commands us not to move a object only used to perform prohibited work (such as a pencil, money, a hammer), because someone handling the implement might forget that it was the Sabbath and perform prohibited work. It is important to note that from the point of view of the practicing Jew, there is no difference between a gezeirah and a Torah mitzvah. Both are equally binding. The difference is just in the severity of punishment: a Torah violation of the Sabbath is punishable by death, while a rabbinical violation of a gezeirah is punishable by whipping. Another difference between a gezeirah and a mitzvah is that the rabbis can, in rare appropriate circumstances, modify, or abrogate a gezeirah. Rabbis cannot change the Torah law that was commanded by God. I agree that Paul fought the idea that Gentile Christians should be compelled to take on the full weight of Judaism, but they could still do so by choice. Jewish Christians were still required to follow the 613 Commandments from the OT, but the Gentiles were only required to follow the rules mentioned in Acts 15. I also agree that Paul made it clear that taking on the full weight of Judaism was not necessary to become a Gentile Christian, just as one did not have to give up full Judaism to become a Jewish Christian either. Paul was tearing down a "fence", not the laws of the OT.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:Christianity didn't drop any laws. The OT laws were a part of a nation's legal system. Christianity didn't and still doesn't have a legal system. The Jewish Christians were still bound by the OT laws and the Jewish laws. The Non-Jewish Christians were never bound by the OT laws or the Jewish laws, so there was nothing to drop. Jewish Christians died out and the Non-Jewish Christians were left to continue Christianity. If these Non-Jewish Christians decided to follow any "laws" from the OT, then they chose the "laws" they wanted to follow, they didn't drop anything. Christians just have rules for behavior.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
Since you feel that OT laws were dropped by Christians, please present your argument. List the OT laws you feel were dropped by Christians, when they were dropped and why, and provide support for your position.
The idea of the word drop as you're using it means to give up, abandon, or discontinue. After the failure of the Jewish Revolt that destroyed the temple, surviving Jewish Christians may have abandoned actions that might divulge their Jewish heritage, but their actions didn't affect the OT Laws on the books for the Jews. Before 175 BCE intellectual Jewish reformists wanted to improve Judaism.Excerpt from History of the Jews by Paul Johnson 1987: They embarked on the first Biblical criticism: the Law, as now written, was not very old and certainly did not go back to Moses. They argued that the original laws were far more universalistic. ...The reformers did not want to abolish the Law completely but to purge it of those elements which forbade participation in Greek culturefor instance, the ban on nudity, which kept pious Jews out of the gymnasium and stadiumand reduce it to its ethical core, so universalizing it. Jewish reformists were working on adjusting the Jewish laws for Jews before Jesus was even born. IMO, adjusting laws as a civilization changes is pretty standard. The only OT rules the Non-Jewish Christians were supposedly bound by were the rules given in Acts 15. Abstain from:(1) Eating food sacrificed to idols; (2) Sexual immorality; (3) Eating the meat of strangled animals; and (4) Eating blood.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:Unnecessary for what? Present your argument. Christians weren't required to follow the law to become Christians, therefore the laws weren't necessary for that purpose to begin with. Jewish Christians were Christians because they believed Jesus was the Messiah and followed his teachings, not because they followed Jewish law. They were still bound by Jewish law because they were Jewish, but that wasn't part of being Christian. Non-Jewish Christians weren't bound by Jewish law because they weren't Jewish, but they were still Christians because of their belief. They had no OT laws to drop. The rules they asked the Non-Jewish Christians to follow in Acts 15 were a means to make it easier for fellowship between the groups since the Jewish Christians still had to follow Jewish Law. According to the OT stories, God did not become the God of Abraham because Abraham followed laws. The laws were given because they believed in God. They were a nation that needed laws to govern them. I've already made it clear I'm not talking about justification for becoming a Christian or for being accepted by God. That was Paul's point. Don't use the laws as justification, OT or otherwise. He didn't do away with anything, just put them in their proper place.
quote:Unnecessary for what? Also some support would be nice. quote:If a group of Non-Jewish Christians entertained a group of Jewish Christians who still ate kosher, would they serve kosher or expect the Jews to deal with it? My guess is they would serve kosher if they understood anything that Paul taught. Once the Jewish Christians died away, there would be no conflict to avoid. The Non-Jewish Christians were no longer part of a Jewish community. That had nothing to do with Jesus or Paul. So IMO, the last two rules would not be "necessary" as long as Non-Jewish Christians aren't fellowshipping around the food table with Jewish Christians. No blood pudding next to the veggie platter. If all you're arguing is that the OT laws aren't necessary to be a Christian, I agree. But, then they never were. That's why I say there wasn't really anything to drop or "make" unnecessary. That doesn't make the OT laws null and void, it just makes them not applicable.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:I agree, the Jews supposedly couldn't do the sacrificial rituals after the destruction of the temple. That had nothing to do with Jesus though. The destruction of the temple in 70 AD stopped the sacrifices for lack of a place, not Jesus. quote:Shammai and Hillel debated over the letter of the law and the spirit of the law long before Jesus came around. Also note some laws were part of the Oral Law or the "fence around the Torah". Show me the Scripture that supports these things you mention were part of the OT law. Hillel tended to win out. Supposedly Paul was also from the school of Hillel. The Debate Over Jewish Law Show me what laws you're talking about specifically. Going by the spirit of the law as opposed to the letter of the law doesn't void or nullify the law.
quote: quote:That still doesn't nullify or void the OT laws. If the intent came into their being then they should have no problem following the OT laws. Changing one's behavior also doesn't nullify or void the OT laws. The person changed, not the OT laws.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:Show some support. I've shown you the Jewish half of Christianity died out. The Jewish half followed the laws. The Non-Jewish half couldn't abandon what they didn't have. I already said Christianity went to the Gentiles. Message 5
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:Show us that Paul or Peter followed the OT Laws any less than other Jews or Jewish Christians of the time. Romans 3:31
...Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Not at all! Rather, we uphold the law.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:Scripture please!
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
Associating with Non-Jews is not part of the OT Laws. Message 13
What you never knew about the Pharisees
This attitude caused Pharisees from the school of Shammai to hate all Gentiles, and left them with little regard even for Jews who didn’t follow them. (In one case, nearly attacking the sage Hillel for bringing a sacrifice to the Temple on a day they disapproved of.) In the days of Shammai, so passionate was their hatred of Gentiles that around 10 AD, Shammai passed 18 edicts specifically meant to force separation between Jews and Gentiles. The specifics of all these edicts have been lost, but among them was a prohibition of entering the house of a Gentile lest a Jew thereby become defiled, and even eating with or purchasing food from a Gentile was forbidden.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
Support please!
Plates could be washed other than clay. Leviticus 11
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:It may have been difficult to eat with Gentiles or to visit one, but it wasn't forbidden and since Shammai felt it necessary to make several decrees to keep Jews and Gentiles separated, the people must have overcome the difficulty. Message 36 quote:The support for your argument is not common sense because the Laws were detailed, often arbitrary, sometimes contradictory, complex and obscure. There were several sects with their interpretations of the OT Laws and at least two schools of thought. You stated in Message 30, that
jar writes: But the Jewish Christian cult did abandon much of the Law. Peter and Paul are two great examples. But you haven't shown us that Paul or Peter followed the OT Laws any less than other Jews or Jewish Christians of their time. There were Hellenistic Jews before Jesus came. These Jews had largely abandoned much of the Torah in order to be "more accepted" in the Greek/Roman culture where they lived.
The Dispora The vast majority of the Jews living in the Dispersion, however, were not Hebraists, but Hellenists. These were Jews who had conformed themselves to the Greek/Roman culture, and who had basically ceased being "Jewish" except in certain matters of faith. The Sadducees, for example, tended to be Hellenists, whereas the Pharisees were generally Hebraists. Paul claimed to be a Pharisee. Acts 23:6 My position is that at the time of Jesus, Paul, and Peter; the OT Laws had no legal or binding force on Gentiles, Christian or otherwise. They had nothing to abandon. I don't see that Jewish Christians abandoned any OT Laws because of Jesus or Paul. I don't see that Paul or Peter followed the OT Laws any less than the various Diaspora Jews of their time.
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
quote:Requirement for what? You haven't shown that Paul and Peter didn't follow the Jewish dietary laws.
Acts 25:8 Then Paul made his defense: "I have done nothing wrong against the law of the Jews or against the temple or against Caesar." Excerpt from: How People Lived In The Bible 2002
Most ancient people ate meat sparingly. Beans and fresh veggies comprised most everyday meals, but when company was coming or there was something to really celebrate, it was time to kill the fatted calf!
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purpledawn Member (Idle past 3707 days) Posts: 4453 From: Indiana Joined: |
IMO, it became more complicated when the leading Jews figured perfect adherence to the laws would get them their nation and temple back. They developed the fence, which was extreme in some cases.
Before that I don't feel they were any more complicated than any other nation's laws.
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