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Author Topic:   The Origin of Novelty
mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 138 of 871 (690813)
02-16-2013 11:17 AM
Reply to: Message 113 by Blue Jay
02-11-2013 1:02 PM


It's definitely a complicated issue. In the end, though, out of all the theories and hypotheses and other ideas out there, the Theory of Evolution comes the closest to providing a good explanation for all the mess. Here's why:
We can observe that most of the differences in phenotype between groups are due to differences in base-pair sequences within genes (either protein-coding genes or regulatory genes)
The diversity of life fits within a nested-hierarchical pattern that is indicative of cumulative changes to base-pair sequences over time
We have observed random mutations producing exactly such changes to base-pair sequences as would account for the observed patterns
What if the best theory from an unbiased view is that complete genomes somehow appeared in full on earth. Since then there have been mutational differences and rapid evolution as more and more limited species attempt to fill the ecological gaps left behind by masses of extinctions. Thus we observe a stasis within each genome that is only affected by some minor mutations and some rapid changes to allele frequencies within each species. Nested hierarchies are observed but only with minor changes between species that were obviously had identical genomes quite recently.
Most succesful mutations involve deletions and disabling or changes to allele frequencies, the increases in the number of coding genes is never observed which points more to creationism (genomes started out nearly as they are) than evolution (many organisms increased complexity over time and have changed dramatically)

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 Message 113 by Blue Jay, posted 02-11-2013 1:02 PM Blue Jay has replied

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 140 of 871 (690820)
02-16-2013 11:57 AM
Reply to: Message 139 by NoNukes
02-16-2013 11:44 AM


Well I was kinda hoping you would put forward your reasons why the Theory of Evolution is a more accurate theory than the theory of creation to explain current biological observations.
I also acknowledge the processes of evolution over short time frames, and not including the increased complexity of additional protein-coding genes over time.

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 162 of 871 (690916)
02-18-2013 1:12 AM
Reply to: Message 141 by herebedragons
02-16-2013 12:57 PM


I for one would have a much easier time accepting this type of hypothesis (not willing to call it a theory at this point) if it wasn't constrained to 6,000 years. A creation scenario would be much more plausible if the time frame was say more like (at least) 10,000,000 to 100,000,000 years since the creation event. But since most creationists want to cram all of earth's history into 6,000 years, it becomes a virtual impossibility to reconcile with the available evidence. Do you consider an old earth as a possibility?
I do believe in an old earth (Genesis: God created the heavens and earth and the earth was formless and empty - and then there was light, the first day)
But I believe biological life is restricted to the last 6500 years. I will be going into this in more detail in the Dates and Dating forum after I have finished discussing DNA in various threads. As you said we have a current "snapshot" of the genome, through genome sequencing. I am wondering why evolutionists would look at a particular genome and believe it reflects evolution rather than creation 6500 years ago (with some evolutionary changes since then.) ie we see mutations, but do these look like 200 million years quantity of accumulated mutations, or 6500 years quantity of mutations. Maybe that isn't the best measurement, but my point is that evolutionists need some backing for their assumption that the genome "looks" evolved rather than created.
Tiny, tiny pieces of what has happened. We don't expect to see significant changes (on the order of what creationists usually demand) in the comparatively small time period we have been studying evolution. Maybe 150 years seems like a long time, but in the grand scheme of things, its nothing - insignificant.
I do understand this point, and do sympathise with evolutionists that current timeframes are not long enough to see any proof of your hypothesis. Until then we observe devolution and variation through sexual reproduction, which fits in with both creationism and evolution. That is why I am wondering why you would favor evolution when the snapshot fits in with both "hypotheses".
Another thing I have noticed in some of your discussions is that you put too much emphasis on "coding genes." Coding genes get all the glory and recognition but they are only a piece of the whole picture. Theoretically, you could have two organisms with the exact same coding genes, but they express significantly different phenotypes. The major player in phenotype changes is in developmental processes. Developmental processes can use existing genetic materials and reorganize them into completely new structures depending on when and how they are expressed. I would encourage you to do some research into this area of study .. it is fascinating - and enlightening.
Yes but that is more "creationist" thinking, the God-given ability of life to rapidly adapt when under strong selection pressures. Over and above this intrinsic ability, evolutionists are claiming life can get more complex, increased numbers of coding genes over time. Without that we would be green slime with limited genetic functionality. If I agree with all other evolutionary processes and assume they would be observed in 6500 years of biological creation, what in current genome sequencing would contradict my view?
And if there is nothing in current genome sequencing or other biological studies that contradicts the view of 6500 years of evolution since creation, then what further biological evidence would lead evolutionists to favor the evolution hypothesis over creationism?
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 163 of 871 (690917)
02-18-2013 2:05 AM
Reply to: Message 142 by bluegenes
02-16-2013 1:22 PM


For a start, the mechanisms and processes of evolutionary theory are demonstrably real (mutation, selection, drift etc.). That's not true of any supernatural creation "theory".
I'm not sure if all are aware of my particular theory on creationism. I agree with all evolutionary processes except the evolution of additional protein-coding genes. I believe ~6500 years ago God make highly adaptable organisms in a relatively safe environment. Designed to adapt to their environment through variations in protein production (promoters and enhancers communicating with the outside world) and sexual reproduction (new genetic combinations). This world then became unsafe, disease and mutations and rapidly changing environments and extinctions. Fortunately some mutations have allowed organisms to survive some of the new damaging environments (example: disabled Duffy gene in malaria areas).
This is what I observe in genome sequencing and wonder why evolution is a stronger theory than creationism.
If you look at a genome, and see two genes which look exactly as a pair duplicate genes should look, and you know that gene duplication is a demonstrably real phenomenon, then the best explanation for these genes is that they are paralogs. Suggestions like "the fairies might have put them there" can't really compete unless we can establish the existence of gene making fairies, can they?
Well if you put aside the source of biological life, (the supernatural process of abiogenesis compared to the supernatural God) and then look at the actual evidence with unbiased glasses on, does the evidence favor evolution involving increasing coding complexity? ie could the one species have a deleted gene (a common beneficial mutation), rather than the other having a duplicated protein-coding gene? Or maybe the duplicated gene is subsequent and yet non-coding, which is observed to add hardiness to an organism. We have to have an open-minded in depth look at each study to draw the most likely conclusions from the evidence itself.
Perhaps you are lucky not to be debating me in your great debate, because I'd be asking you for a demonstrably real way in which apparent paralogs could arrive in genomes other than duplication.
Shall we have a thread in which you can present evidence to support your hypothesis that duplications of protein coding genes are always disadvantageous, and I'll present evidence for the opposite. Or, if that is no longer your claim, you could support the view that additional neofunctional protein coding genes can't come into existence, and I'll present evidence that they can.
Would you like to start one, so you can state your view clearly in the O.P.? I see no reason for it not to be public, but if you'd like it to be one on one to avoid getting piled onto, that's fine by me.
I think you'll agree from looking at the peanut gallery that I'll be good at understanding the points you're trying to make.
Good idea, I did appreciate your comprehension of my view, but let's rather carry on here for now, I like to deal with one thread at a time. Due to the fact that a lot of novelty is supposed to originate in mutated protein-coding genes, I believe the topic is relevant to this thread.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 142 by bluegenes, posted 02-16-2013 1:22 PM bluegenes has replied

Replies to this message:
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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


(1)
Message 164 of 871 (690918)
02-18-2013 2:46 AM
Reply to: Message 143 by Blue Jay
02-16-2013 1:39 PM


I don't think we've ever debated before, but maybe I just forgot. Either way, welcome to the thread!
Thank you!
If you don't mind, when I discuss your hypothesis, I'm going to take terminology from panspermia and baraminology, because it seems to fit the bill.
Your hypothesis is basically that life on Earth came from somewhere else (panspermia), and that the evolutionary Tree of Life is actually a "Forest of Life," rather than a single tree (baraminology).
The only way that this really differs from the mainstream views of modern evolutionary biology, is that it rejects the notion of common descent (which is not a necessary tenet of the ToE, but one that is currently mostly agreed upon).
So, your hypothesis would predict nested hierarchical patterns in the diversity of life, just as mainstream evolutionary biology does. But, it would also predict that the pattern of nested hierarchies would break down at some point, such that we would be unable to link all the separate lineages of organisms into a single Tree.
I will reserve my complete assent, but this all makes a lot of sense.
The two hypotheses generally agree on the nested hierarchical patterns. Where we differ, however, is in whether there are "breaks" in that pattern. Evolutionary biology does not posit such breaks, so it does not have to provide evidence, one way or the other: it is incumbent upon baraminologists to produce additional evidence to support the additional mechanic of their hypothesis (the principle of parsimony).
So, how can we identify where the pattern of nested hierarchies potentially breaks down? To me, it looks like the pattern doesn't break down: every level in the hierarchy seems to be nested inside a larger level, and the pattern of diversity at each level seems to differ only in magnitude, not in kind. But, I could simply be overlooking something, so let's see if we can "baraminize" our current Tree of Life
I believe that the general problem lies with evolutionists interpretation of the geological column as showing some long-term nested hierarchies, which isn't really applicable to this thread. What is applicable to this thread is the "snapshot" of genome sequencing, and whether that can in any manner support evolutionary theory. We observe categories, families, species. Is there anything in biology that would point to these having being evolved or rather created like that? Categories and groupings are a natural outworking of intelligent design (eg car manufacturers) , and if we both state that genomes "look" designed or "look" evolved" from common ancestors, well if that's all we can say then the theories are on equal footing.
You sort of imply that biological novelties might hold the key. You claim that we never see new protein-coding genes emerge: we only see deletions, reductions, losses of function, etc.
Well, if this is correct, I would predict that we could clearly divide up all life-forms into a distinct set of baramins, in which the basal forms of each baramin have the maximal number of protein-coding genes within the baramin, and all derived forms would have either the same number, or fewer, and none would have any novel genes or structures. And, I would also expect that we couldn't organize these baramins into a pattern that resembles the nested hierarchical pattern we would observe within a baramin (i.e., no two baramins should appear more closely related to one another than any other two).
You conclusions about baramins all have the same degree of variance from eachother, I find illogical from the perspective of understanding intelligent design. Refer again to car manufacturers, they will make cars according to categories. Each category (4x4) will have their own range, and yet large overlaps of design within their 4x4 range. Some categories (sedans) will be split into two sub-categories (eg luxury/low income) and have a largely overlapping engine and chassis and drive functions compared to say a 4x4. So we get a Toyota Avanza and Corolla with basic core design similarities, yet a Toyota Foretuner and Toyota Landcruiser also have design similarities, yet the two groups are very different from eachother. So the number of groupings, and the likeness between groupings are not as spread as you are claiming. Two separate baramins could be highly similar without being the same baramin, then two other separate species could be recently evolved from the same baramin, the secret is to analyze the similarity of the genotype, not the phenotype.
I agree with what you are saying about the maximum number of protein coding genes in each baramin,and that all nature could be quite easily divided into separate baramins. I currently lack the scientific ability to do this, relying on a non-scientific more intuitive process based on what seems obvious to me, hey that monkey differs from the other monkey by only 50 point mutations and one deleted gene, same baramin. That monkey differs by fifteen genes in chromosome 2, and 8 genes in chromosome 4, different baramin. The idea is that nature does not produce complex functions, and to duplicate protein-coding genes causes massive duplications of protein production that normally causes damage.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.

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Replies to this message:
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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 166 of 871 (690934)
02-18-2013 6:36 AM
Reply to: Message 165 by bluegenes
02-18-2013 5:49 AM


Or duplications of CCL3L1 in HIV areas (everywhere).
True.
Well, apart from the point I made above, and apart from the fact that it's blown out by the combined evidence of dating methods that crosscheck from archaeology alone, it doesn't actually fit what we see in genomes. Does your model have humans being created in separate groups on different continents 6,500 years ago? I ask because I'm wondering if you'd expect stone age skeletons (determined by their artifacts rather than dating that you don't want to believe in) on different continents to bear a greater genetic resemblance to each other than they do to modern humans indigenous to the same regions. What would your model predict?
You say my theory doesn't fit what we see in genomes. I believe it fits perfectly. I need more evidence than just a flat statement.
Regarding archaeology and early human races, my model has some races spreading out from Turkey about 4500 years ago, and then a mass exodus of various race groups spreading out from Iraq about 4200 years ago. Concerning archaeological dates, I prefer Rohl's revised chronology on ancient civilizations, that is far more accurate than the standard chronology. This mass exodus would have been far more technologically advanced than the primitive people's it faced during the mass exodus. The skeletal structures of the original people's would most likely have reflected a meat eating low nutrition diet, strong jawlines, signs of malnutrition in the stance. Referring particularly to Neanderthals, these did interbreed with the following population, showing how closely the chromosomal organization matched between the races, not quite separate species, but in fact the same species proven through the Neanderthal DNA being preserved within most populations of today.
???? There's nothing in physics or chemistry to suggest that chemical self-replicators can't form naturally. We don't currently have a strong theory of how the rings of Saturn formed, and of many other things, but it is irrational to infer supernatural causes on the basis of our ignorance of detail.
There's infinitely more evidence for natural chemical processes forming chemical phenomena in general than there is for supernatural involvement in the earth's chemistry.
Yes. Overwhelmingly.
Which is a better answer:
"I've got no idea"
"God did it"
Those who tend toward religion would think that those without an explanation are more illogical, those that tend towards seeing God as illogical would obviously see the God explanation as illogical. But that is subjective thinking, unless you have better evidence than the following comment of yours, the two theories should be treated equally:
Suggestions like "the fairies might have put them there" can't really compete unless we can establish the existence of gene making fairies, can they?
Well that is what abiogenesis looks like to creationists, seriously, its like huh duh, we have no idea but we far more intelligent than you guys who actually believe in a God!
Its all subjective reasoning. Until you have a better explanation for abiogenesis, creationism as a starting point looks just as good to the unbiased reader. Its only years of indoctrination that creationism is stupid, based on the circular reasoning of evolution, that would even bring one to be so sure of themselves with so little evidence. Believe me, I am not here to exchange subjective insults, but if you are associating my belief in God with fairytales, the same finger is pointing straight back at you with the unknown process of abiogenesis of which many evolutionists have complete religious faith in. To the point of insulting other's religions based on their own beliefs without evidence. (confidence in a belief without evidence is called faith - fairytales - the religion of abiogenesis)
I'm not quite sure what you're getting at in the first two sentences, but I agree on the last
I was just saying that the original species could have had the duplicates, the sub-species had the deletion. Each study must be looked at according to its own merits.

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 173 of 871 (690961)
02-18-2013 1:27 PM
Reply to: Message 169 by bluegenes
02-18-2013 8:43 AM


For one thing, there's too much variation within species for the time scale, unless you're proposing the creation of large groups of each species.
What do you mean by "too much variation". Which particular groupings of organisms do you feel show "too much variation" and why do you say so?
How did these "races" come about? How does the first 200 generations produce "races"?
I don't see why there would be any limitations. In Southern Africa the African races shown a lightening of the skin compared to equatorial regions, this is found on both the east and west coasts. Equatorial race groups show darker skins even if their haplotypes indicate completely different race groups to each other, and yet similar race groups to their own lighter skinned neighbours. Have you got any data why these processes would have to take many thousands of years?
In relation to abiogenesis, I repeat, the evidence that natural chemical processes can create chemical phenomena is infinitely greater than the evidence of supernatural beings doing chemistry on this planet. That's because those natural processes go on all the time, but there is not one single established example of a supernatural being doing anything, let alone chemistry.
lol, you really are living in a fantasy world. Have they really found evidence for natural abiogenesis? And aliens stole my grandmother.
Its fairytale statements like this that makes your average logical thinker doubt evolution. Stick to "I don't know" than projecting your "natural chemical processes" onto the sudden creation of biological life from natural chemicals. You will sound more logical to the neutral observer. Unless you have got evidence for natural chemical processes creating life? Then just present it.
What "original species"? Of course you could have a duplication that goes to fixation in a species, and a descendant species that has a deletion. But what has that got to do with anything? You identify paralogs because they look like duplicates. See the frog and the Prince above
I would like to see a study that proves certain genes are paralogs. Could you present one?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 169 by bluegenes, posted 02-18-2013 8:43 AM bluegenes has replied

Replies to this message:
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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 174 of 871 (690962)
02-18-2013 1:52 PM
Reply to: Message 172 by Blue Jay
02-18-2013 12:04 PM


Well, they wouldn't be on equal footing, because of the principle of parsimony. The rule in science is that, every time you propose a new mechanism, you need new evidence to defend it. So, since your hypothesis includes all the basic mechanisms of the evolution hypothesis, plus one more, it needs all the evidence of the evolution hypothesis, plus "one more." If that "plus one" evidence doesn't exist, then we are not justified in adding the extra mechanism, and we fall back on the basic ToE as our "default" position.
Its one less principle , not one more. Creation does not require a complexity adding process, which evolution requires. Which is fine if evolution had evidence for it, but what evidence is there for additional coding genes being added to the genome over time, so that something like a prokaryote (1000 protein coding genes) can evolve into a human (21000 protein-coding genes)?
Creationism is generally a more parsimonious view of biology than evolution.
So, if we're using a "manufacturer" metaphor, then I would predict a "mixing and matching" pattern, like with the airplane engines. A designer should have no problem putting disparate parts together to create each baramin, and, indeed, this would probably be the best way to design animals to prior specifications.
So, do we see evidence of this kind of "mixing and matching" dynamic in the diversity of life?
I believe this mix and matching is observed:
PHSchool.com Retirement—Prentice Hall—Savvas Learning Company
The reef-building coral Acropora millepora does not have a lot on its mind. In fact, it doesn't have a mind at all. The invertebrate has only a diffuse net of nerve cells, one of the simplest nervous systems of any animal. Thus, it shocked Australian geneticist David Miller to find that the coral's DNA contains genetic sequences corresponding to genes that guide the patterning of the incredibly complex human nervous system. Worms and flies don't have these genes, so he and other researchers had taken it for granted that the genes were relatively recent innovations that had evolved in vertebrates.
Of course evolutionists give evolutionary explanations for this matching design in two organisms supposed to have diverted half a billion years ago. However as you have already indicated, this is exactly what we would be looking for if indeed there was an intelligent designer.
I wonder if we could cleanly divide the diversity of life this way. I suspect we will find many cases in which a group of organisms clearly looks like it underwent a pattern of "microevolution" via gene deletions and point mutations, except that one member, nestled deep within this pattern, has a gene addition. Thus, that one "member" would be a different baramin, despite nestling deep within what would otherwise look like a "perfect" baramin.
If you are aware of such an instance of increased rather than decreased complexity involving new additional coding genes, I would be very keen to see it. Its not that it would threaten creationism, I feel it would just add some support for the theory of evolution as an explanation for modern life-forms, support that is currently lacking.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 175 of 871 (690963)
02-18-2013 2:21 PM
Reply to: Message 170 by kofh2u
02-18-2013 11:49 AM


But does it seem a better assumption that God ortely performed millions of Spontaneous Generations, one for each current species and one for every extinct organism that ever lived?
I say let the scientific evidence speak for itself. Seriously abiogenesis is not a satisfactory explanation to most logical minds. Just because of this, there should be more time spent on the "baramin" view as opposed to the "common ancestor" view (thanks to Bluejay for introducing me to the correct terminology).
And, HOW god may have used His own natural laws to do the job does NOT deny Him in anyway, does it?
No it doesn't deny him, accepted, but even so it does contradict the literalness of the bible. I'm seriously looking for evidence for complexity over time, reducing complexity is proven which points more towards creationism than evolution, even though it is also regarded as an evolutionary process.

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 176 of 871 (690967)
02-18-2013 2:48 PM
Reply to: Message 169 by bluegenes
02-18-2013 8:43 AM


In which area of the world, if any, would your model predict the greatest genetic diversity amongst humans? It seems to be Turkey or the Middle-east in general. I ask, because if one area has had a large population for a long time, and populations in other areas descend from smaller founding populations later on, then the most genetic diversity should be in the former.
I see I left out this question. Yes, the bible predicts that the Middle East should show the widest genetic diversity. This is borne out by world haplotype distribution.
http://blog.kodai-bunmei.net/...ogroups-1500AD-World-Map.png
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 169 by bluegenes, posted 02-18-2013 8:43 AM bluegenes has replied

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 178 of 871 (690975)
02-18-2013 3:45 PM
Reply to: Message 177 by bluegenes
02-18-2013 3:15 PM


Many. Primates, for example.
I'm not claiming all primates are from one common ancestor. That's evolution's claim.
You were talking about different "races" moving out of Turkey. In 2000 years, they'd have the about same diversity that the Irish have developed over the last 2000 years. How many races would you describe the Irish as? And stone age people here are in modern European haplogroups. Shouldn't all stone age people everywhere be closely related to each other in your model?
The haplogroups themselves explain it all. The genetic diversity was there in the Middle East. Then mankind lost diversity as we spread out from there.
I don't know why you think that all stone age people should be related?
You're the one who's suggesting that a magical being can create fake paralogs. It is your idea to bring in magic as a supposed refutation of the examples of neofunctionalization in duplicates that I presented on the peanut thread. You suggest that they could have been created by a magical being. It's your fairy tale. If you can't support it, you have to agree that apparent paralogs are paralogs, not fairy creations, just as you should agree that apparent frogs are frogs, not magicked princes.
I didn't say anything about fake paralogs, and I didn't realise your evidence was sitting in the peanut gallery thread, could you kindly post it here.
What other than natural processes do we have evidence for? When are you going to establish the existence of the supernatural? If you can't, 100% of the evidence is on my side.
Associating the observance of some chemical processes with the sudden appearance of biological life is just ridiculous. Unfortunately for your argument, its pretty obvious that you are clutching at straws. I was expecting a more civil discussion about evidence for coding genes, instead we are being distracted by side issues.
To the outside observer, both of us are claiming my pet theory is better than yours. Its a subjective argument, let's just move on from there.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 193 of 871 (691078)
02-20-2013 7:48 AM
Reply to: Message 180 by bluegenes
02-18-2013 4:36 PM


No. That map tells us interesting things about migration, but not overall genetic diversity. If it were demonstrated that the highest level of diversity was not in the Middle East, would you consider your model (and the Bilble!!!!!) falsified?
You may have guessed that I originally asked the question for a reason.
In relation to haplogroups, your clue as to where the most genetic diversity should be is where the oldest in the nested hierarchy of haplotypes are found.
Oops!
Try a new model and new scriptures.
Could you kindly post your evidence for your claims please.
Are you claiming that diversity of haplogroups are not directly related to genetic diversity? I didn't understand your points here. The map showed the widest range of haplogroups in the Middle Eastern/Asian region.

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 194 of 871 (691080)
02-20-2013 7:58 AM
Reply to: Message 181 by bluegenes
02-18-2013 4:49 PM


Just in your model. They would have spread so quickly from the Middle East that they would be very homogeneous all over the world, surely.
I don't really understand your point here. Small groups can often be homogenous, and can also often be highly diverse due to isolation. Societies can retain behaviours and also rapidly change behaviours, our culture is nothing like 100 years ago. I've heard this argument before, that the cultural differences between races are so strong that it couldnt have occurred over 4500 years. History however shows continuously rapidly changing cultures making that point null and void.
There was an initial spurt of homogenous civilizations about 3800 years ago, this is sometimes referred to as the early pyramid cultures. All having a high degree of architectural ability combined with similar "birdman" myths.

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 Message 181 by bluegenes, posted 02-18-2013 4:49 PM bluegenes has not replied

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mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 197 of 871 (691086)
02-20-2013 8:20 AM
Reply to: Message 183 by bluegenes
02-18-2013 5:52 PM


Re: Novel protein coding gene in an Antarctic fish
There's two SAS genes, and two antifreeze genes. Scientists noticed that some sections in the SAS genes look like some sections in the antifreeze genes. These are the facts. From then on these researchers interpret the facts according to evolutionary theory, without any backup evidence for their conclusions.
Their conclusion would be more believable if they proved that the organisms with the antifreeze genes came exclusively from a population that only had the SAS genes, unfortunately its only an assumption on their part that the antifreeze genes came from the SAS genes, based merely on similarity of sequences.

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 Message 183 by bluegenes, posted 02-18-2013 5:52 PM bluegenes has replied

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 Message 199 by bluegenes, posted 02-20-2013 9:07 AM mindspawn has replied

  
mindspawn
Member (Idle past 2687 days)
Posts: 1015
Joined: 10-22-2012


Message 204 of 871 (691112)
02-20-2013 12:06 PM
Reply to: Message 185 by Blue Jay
02-18-2013 7:20 PM


Well, I can see why you'd think that. But, the problem is that "increased complexity" (however you define it) isn't a mechanism: it's a phenotype. There's no reason to think every class of phenotype has to have a different mechanism. For example, unequal crossing-over is a type of mutation that can cause both gene deletions (decreased complexity) and gene duplications (increased complexity). So, we don't need two separate mechanisms.
The word complexity is a simple word (lol that's ironic). I don't see why its meaning should be limited to phenotypes in any manner. But pleeease do not start a sideline conversation on the meaning on the word.
Can you explain exactly what you think is happening here? Because, I think you've been duped by an offhand comment about the human nervous system (or its genetic components) being found in a coral. This is not what they found.
A "homolog" is a gene that two groups of organisms have in common. Homologs are not identical to one another: they are just similar enough in sequence and (sometimes) in function to be considered related in an evolutionary worldview. So, it's not like two unrelated airplanes both having Rolls-Royce Merlin engines: it's like two unrelated airplanes both having piston engines.
These researchers sequenced a bunch of genes (or, actually, sections of genes), and found that corals have more homologs with humans than with insects or nematodes. It doesn't say that corals have human genes or that humans have coral genes: it says that insects and nematodes are more different from other animals than other animals are from each other.
I'm happy with your piston engine analogy. The word "homolog" is a word used under evolutionary assumptions, under the assumption of baramins the similarities would be design similarities. I do not see any actual evidence that favors the homolog assumption above the baramin assumption.
Okay, now I need some clarification. I thought "increased complexity" and "additional coding genes" were the same thing, in your argument. This statement suggests that they are not always. Was I wrong?
You are wrong I was forced to use the word complexity in a manner that was measurable in another thread, and am happy to continue to apply it to only coding genes in this thread too if you wish, but the word has a much greater meaning.
Edited by mindspawn, : No reason given.

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