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Author | Topic: Why is evolution so controversial? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taq Member Posts: 9973 Joined: Member Rating: 5.7 |
Again (u) is not a percentage. It is rate of mutation per generation. Then we are looking at 10 indels per generation (70 subsitutions per generation). Each indel is 20 bases, on average. 10 indels at 20 bases each would be 200 bases changed plus the 70 from substitutions.
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Taq Member Posts: 9973 Joined: Member Rating: 5.7 |
I understand the papers I cited claim more than 1.5% divergence counting indels. So does the chimp genome paper if you are counting number of bases instead of number of mutations. The chimp genome paper has 5 million indels covering 90 million bases compared to 35 million substitution mutations.
Are you still claiming they are wrong? I am claiming that your interpretation of the papers is wrong.
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sfs Member (Idle past 2534 days) Posts: 464 From: Cambridge, MA USA Joined:
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quote: Amounting to 1.5% of the human sequence being different from the chimp sequence and another 1.5% of the chimp being different from the human. Added to the 1.3% from substitutions, and you get ~4.3% divergence(*). As the paper says, "Insertion and deletion (indel) events are fewer in number than single-nucleotide substitutions, but result in 1.5% of the euchromatic sequence in each species being lineage-specific." All the studies give similar answers. (*)No, you really shouldn't measure divergence this way.
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zaius137 Member (Idle past 3410 days) Posts: 407 Joined: |
quote: One thing is certain you do not want to count indel divergence as autosomal segment divergence. It is clear now that secular scientists have caught up to the fact that a human chimp divergence of 1.5% is nonsense. At this point I do not even know what you point is. Is it because you think there is not enough indels to count? If that is your point, it is in direct contradiction to my citations (I have at this point provided 6) that implicitly added them to substitution rates. I have tried and failed to correct your perspective of what constitutes a site as it relates to mutation. You have repeatedly mixed up (u) and (k) in the calculation I was using. That is rate and percentage divergence. I used .8% autosomal divergence in one calculation (even though I suspect it is more) and you still don’t buy it, that was a concession to the evolutionist perspective. I will, at this point, let you name the additional divergence you think is acceptable. If you claim it is zero, argue with the secular scientists who say that it is more than zero. Indel inclusion does not violate the neutral model as provided by Kimura’s neutral theory of evolution. It is his calculation for neutral mutation that is the basis of the calculation I used. Edited by zaius137, : No reason given.
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Coyote Member (Idle past 2106 days) Posts: 6117 Joined: |
You keep mentioning "secular scientists."
Is there any other kind?Religious belief does not constitute scientific evidence, nor does it convey scientific knowledge. Belief gets in the way of learning--Robert A. Heinlein How can I possibly put a new idea into your heads, if I do not first remove your delusions?--Robert A. Heinlein It's not what we don't know that hurts, it's what we know that ain't so--Will Rogers If I am entitled to something, someone else is obliged to pay--Jerry Pournelle If a religion's teachings are true, then it should have nothing to fear from science...--dwise1 "Multiculturalism" does not include the American culture. That is what it is against.
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zaius137 Member (Idle past 3410 days) Posts: 407 Joined: |
quote: Specifically.. Why?
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zaius137 Member (Idle past 3410 days) Posts: 407 Joined: |
quote: In the spirit of defining the other white meat, yes.
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Coyote Member (Idle past 2106 days) Posts: 6117 Joined: |
quote: In the spirit of defining the other white meat, yes. In the spirit of defining the "scientific method," no.Religious belief does not constitute scientific evidence, nor does it convey scientific knowledge. Belief gets in the way of learning--Robert A. Heinlein How can I possibly put a new idea into your heads, if I do not first remove your delusions?--Robert A. Heinlein It's not what we don't know that hurts, it's what we know that ain't so--Will Rogers If I am entitled to something, someone else is obliged to pay--Jerry Pournelle If a religion's teachings are true, then it should have nothing to fear from science...--dwise1 "Multiculturalism" does not include the American culture. That is what it is against.
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zaius137 Member (Idle past 3410 days) Posts: 407 Joined: |
You mean To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning (wiki)
I guess that leaves out the evolutionist by definition.
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Taq Member Posts: 9973 Joined: Member Rating: 5.7
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One thing is certain you do not want to count indel divergence as autosomal segment divergence. That's exactly what the authors of the chimp genome paper did. "Here we present a draft genome sequence of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Through comparison with the human genome, we have generated a largely complete catalogue of the genetic differences that have accumulated since the human and chimpanzee species diverged from our common ancestor, constituting approximately thirty-five million single-nucleotide changes, five million insertion/deletion events, and various chromosomal rearrangements."Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome | Nature It is clear now that secular scientists have caught up to the fact that a human chimp divergence of 1.5% is nonsense. That is the divergence due to substitutions, and continues to be.
Is it because you think there is not enough indels to count? If that is your point, it is in direct contradiction to my citations (I have at this point provided 6) that implicitly added them to substitution rates. It is the way that you add them together that is wrong. The authors of the peer reviewed papers do it correctly.
I have tried and failed to correct your perspective of what constitutes a site as it relates to mutation. You have failed because you are wrong. One indel is one mutation. A 5 base indel is 1 mutation, not 5. A sequence with 20 bases has 20 sites where a mutation can occur.
You have repeatedly mixed up (u) and (k) in the calculation I was using. That is rate and percentage divergence. What are the units for divergence?
I will, at this point, let you name the additional divergence you think is acceptable. If you claim it is zero, argue with the secular scientists who say that it is more than zero. I have already discussed the mutation rate with you multiple times. If you are going to use the 5% divergence as measured by differences in bases then you need to use a mutation rate that incorporates the number of bases changed per generation. You aren't doing that. The mutation rate needs to be about 250 bases changed per generation. You are using 70.
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Coyote Member (Idle past 2106 days) Posts: 6117 Joined: |
You mean To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning (wiki) I guess that leaves out the evolutionist by definition. You can believe in magic, superstition, wishful thinking, old wives tales, folklore, what the stars foretell and what the neighbors think, omens, public opinion, astromancy, spells, Ouija boards, anecdotes, Da Vinci codes, tarot cards, sorcery, seances, sore bunions, black cats, divine revelation, table tipping, witch doctors, crystals and crystal balls, numerology, divination, faith healing, miracles, palm reading, the unguessable verdict of history, magic tea leaves, new age mumbo-jumbo, hoodoo, voodoo and all that other weird stuff. Me, I'll follow the scientific method.Religious belief does not constitute scientific evidence, nor does it convey scientific knowledge. Belief gets in the way of learning--Robert A. Heinlein How can I possibly put a new idea into your heads, if I do not first remove your delusions?--Robert A. Heinlein It's not what we don't know that hurts, it's what we know that ain't so--Will Rogers If I am entitled to something, someone else is obliged to pay--Jerry Pournelle If a religion's teachings are true, then it should have nothing to fear from science...--dwise1 "Multiculturalism" does not include the American culture. That is what it is against.
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zaius137 Member (Idle past 3410 days) Posts: 407 Joined: |
quote: If they are added correctly, then I can use them as autosomal divergence, right.
quote: I am using 70 because the current measurement is a average of 70 new mutations per generation (mutation rate of 1.1 x 10^-8), a base number change of 250 bases per generation is not reasonable. As I suggested earlier a mutation rate of 250 mutations per site per generation yields a deleterious rate of U = (250 x .017) = 4.25. A U of 4.25 is unacceptable. Genome load would exceed 99%. I do not know how you calculated 250 new mutations per generation without specifying time since divergence (t x 20). You must use the formula I used to derive a mutation rate then calculate the number of mutations needed per generation. t= number of generations since divergence (Generation =20 years) = 300,000 and 6 million years since divergence.k= percentage of autosomal sequence divergence Estimated at 5% Ne= effective size of population ~10^5 (u)=mutation rate to be calculated u = k/(2t + 4Ne) from Estimate of the Mutation Rate per Nucleotide in Humans | Genetics | Oxford Academic With a 5% autosomal sequence divergence between a human and chimp you need a mutation rate of ~5 x 10^-8 for 6 million years. That would be 320 new mutations per generation. Impossible. Even 250 new mutations per generation is impossible.
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zaius137 Member (Idle past 3410 days) Posts: 407 Joined: |
You can believe in magic, superstition, wishful thinking, old wives tales, folklore, what the stars foretell and what the neighbors think, omens, public opinion, astromancy, spells, Ouija boards, anecdotes, Da Vinci codes, tarot cards, sorcery, seances, sore bunions, black cats, divine revelation, table tipping, witch doctors, crystals and crystal balls, numerology, divination, faith healing, miracles, palm reading, the unguessable verdict of history, magic tea leaves, new age mumbo-jumbo, hoodoo, voodoo and all that other weird stuff.
You missed one EVOLUTION
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sfs Member (Idle past 2534 days) Posts: 464 From: Cambridge, MA USA Joined: |
quote:Quite right. Unfortunately, you are not able to add them correctly. You've been trying for years, and you still can't add them correctly. You've been given trivial examples, and you can't parse them correctly. Perhaps you should find something else to do with your time.
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New Cat's Eye Inactive Member |
You can believe in magic, superstition, wishful thinking, old wives tales, folklore, what the stars foretell and what the neighbors think, omens, public opinion, astromancy, spells, Ouija boards, anecdotes, Da Vinci codes, tarot cards, sorcery, seances, sore bunions, black cats, divine revelation, table tipping, witch doctors, crystals and crystal balls, numerology, divination, faith healing, miracles, palm reading, the unguessable verdict of history, magic tea leaves, new age mumbo-jumbo, hoodoo, voodoo and all that other weird stuff. You missed one EVOLUTION
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