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Author | Topic: Climate Change Denier comes in from the cold: SCIENCE!!! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
This isn't the right topic for this, but this is the closest I could find. Today an editorial appeared in the Washington Post arguing that we shouldn't be trying to save endangered species, or any species: We don’t need to save endangered species. Extinction is part of evolution.
--Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0
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Didn’t see where anyone had posted this yet: Climate Science Special Report
Written by the authors of the government’s National Climate Assessment, it’s intended as a lay level report on why climate change is real, why it is really us, and how it will affect people both broadly and personally. —Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
I posted the document before having time to read it. After taking a look at it, and in answer to your question, two things:
--Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
Or in English: 0.5 hectares = 1.24 acres I can tell that 1 ars = 1,000 square meters, but what does "ars" stand for? Did you mean "are", which I've never heard of before just now using Google, but 1 hectare = 100 are, not 10 are, so I'm not sure what you mean. --Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
As I listen to what's left of Florence thunder down on my roof here in New Hampshire, and keeping in mind that a record typhoon just hit the Philippines with 165 mph winds before moving on the Hong Kong and China, and that a record hurricane just hit Houston last year dropping a national record 60 inches of rain, can there be any doubt that we are in the midst of climate change where storms are wetter and slower moving and more dangerous?
Here in New England climate change has already affected our seasons. 30 years ago the trees in our woods would begin turning color at the end of August, now it happens at the end of September. We're wetter now than we used to be, so much so that moss began growing on some parts of my driveway about five years ago. The blueberries that once carpeted the forest floor off our front yard are long gone. Lady Slippers, a harbinger of spring, are becoming more and more rare. The climate change prediction for the New England region is that we would become warmer and wetter. We were warmer this summer than we've ever been. I thought wetter would mean more rain, but it turned out to mean higher humidity - it was a very hot and humid summer. The warmer part also means less snow. We get more rain in the winter now than we used to. --Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0
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The nature of any climate change will differ around the world. Changes could be in any direction, including warmer/colder and wetter/drier. On average the global temperature will rise. The biggest climate change could be to Europe if Greenland's melting glaciers disrupt the Gulf Stream that keeps Europe's climate moderate. --Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
An article in today's Washington Post (Houses intact after Hurricane Michael were often saved by low-cost reinforcements) says that one of the contributing factors to houses that survived was use of windstorm plywood.
Googling windstorm plywood didn't tell me anything I could understand. Windstorm plywood eliminates blocking, but what is blocking? Even Wikipedia just left me more confused. And windstorm plywood reduces or eliminates the need for metal hardware. How is that possible? I'd be grateful if anyone can provide a simple explanation of how windstorm plywood is different from normal plywood, what is the blocking that is eliminated, how is it possible to attach plywood to a frame without "metal hardware", and how these differences add up to a house that is more resistant to high winds? Just curious. Thanks! --Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
Thanks, now I get what blocking is. The main idea is to use one piece of plywood from base to top, making blocking part way up unnecessary. But how is "no blocking" stronger than blocking? It seems that blocking done correctly should even stronger since two parallel studs with no horizontal block between them have to be weaker than when there are one or more horizontal blocks. One guess would be that "no blocking" provides no joints into which wind could get a grip, but the plywood is covered by siding, so that couldn't be it unless it's intended for after the wind strips off the siding.
I can see how "no blocking" reduces the need for hardware, since blocking requires extra nails, but not how it could eliminate it. How could plywood be fastened to studs without nails? Now I'm looking at https://www.norbord.com/na/wall-sheathing/windstorm/. quote: What is the "gable end hinge point"? Is that the top of the gable? And what is the "bottom chord"? quote: What is a top chord? Is this the underside of the roof? quote: A hurricane clip fastens the top plate to the roof trusses and/or rafters. How do plywood sheets that extend all the way up to the roof eliminate the need for hurricane clips or at least something to fasten the roof to the top plate? Do these longer plywood sheets somehow get attached to the roof? However it is done, how does it prevent "lift and roll over"? How would it "prevent lift" since this whole junction between plywood sheath and roof is covered by the soffit? quote: This is closely related to the previous point. I'm still not sure how their extra long plywood sheathing is connected to the roof, so maybe understanding what that looks like would explain why they think the "hinge point" where the roof connects to the plywood is no longer a hinge point. Even if the fastening is more secure it still has to be a "hinge point," doesn't it? This is from the Windstorm FAQ. quote: If there are no or fewer stud to plate connectors and floor to floor connector straps, doesn't that just mean using more nails? I'm still not getting how it's possible to ever eliminate hardware. Are nails not considered hardware? quote: Is wall air leakage a significant contributor to exerting destructive force on a structure during high winds? Sorry to be a nuisance with all the questions. Obviously I shouldn't go into the building trades. --Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
Excellent and well explained. Thank you.
Doh! Yes, of course, I see now. Blocking in the shape of an 'X' would be far more effective than a horizontal block, but only structurally. It would be useless for providing a connection point where two pieces of plywood join. This image was helpful:
So the hinge point they were actually talking about is near where that arrow is pointing at the junction between the truss and the side wall. I had wrongly assumed that the hinge point they were talking about was on the side of the building away from the arrow, again where the truss meets the side wall. On which side of the gable would one install hurricane clips, the end where the arrow is, or on the sides? If the answer is both then how would windstorm plywood eliminate the need for hurricane clips on the side. Or if you don't need hurricane clips on the side then why not? Isn't lift generated here, too? In fact, isn't the danger of rollover from the sides, not the gable ends? Your answer about hardware makes sense. Thanks for the effort it took to explain all this. --Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
It was recently discovered that several weeks ago Hurricane Walaka wiped a tiny Hawaiian island off the map. East Island was in the extreme northwest of the Hawaiian island chain and is thought to have only been a couple thousand years old. Scientists knew the island was vulnerable to climate change but expected it would endure another decade or two. Here's a before/after image of the former island:
In related news, a category 5 typhoon just hit the Northern Mariana Islands (it's a US territory about 3/4 of the way toward the Philippines from the Hawaiian islands, not too far from Guam). The government there is calling it the worst storm they've ever experienced:
--Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0
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This Washington Post article has before/after aerial photos of the Northern Mariana Islands: Satellite images of destruction by Super Typhoon Yutu in the Northern Mariana Islands
--Percy Edited by Percy, : No reason given.
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0
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Connect the Dots to See Where Trump’s Taking Us, an opinion piece in today's New York Times, makes a clear and entertaining statement about the nature of climate change. Here's a taste:
quote: --Percy
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Percy Member Posts: 19996 From: New Hampshire Joined: Member Rating: 5.0 |
A pertinent article about a specific impact of climate change (but not addressing the causal issues) appeared in yesterday's Washington Post: Boston harbor brings ashore a new enemy: Rising seas. As a coastal city Boston is already experiencing the effects of climate change:
quote: --Percy
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