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Author Topic:   Y.E.C. Model: Was there rapid evolution and speciation post flood?
herebedragons
Member (Idle past 857 days)
Posts: 1517
From: Michigan
Joined: 11-22-2009


Message 20 of 518 (808278)
05-09-2017 3:05 PM
Reply to: Message 18 by Faith
05-09-2017 2:42 PM


Re: Counting Alleles
different people give different percentages of how much junk DNA may be actually functional and so on.
It also depends on how one defines "function." Is a spacer between gene copies "functional?" Are sections of DNA that fold into secondary structures (that may or may not have an influence on expression) "functional?" etc, etc.
HBD

Whoever calls me ignorant shares my own opinion. Sorrowfully and tacitly I recognize my ignorance, when I consider how much I lack of what my mind in its craving for knowledge is sighing for... I console myself with the consideration that this belongs to our common nature. - Francesco Petrarca
"Nothing is easier than to persuade people who want to be persuaded and already believe." - another Petrarca gem.
Ignorance is a most formidable opponent rivaled only by arrogance; but when the two join forces, one is all but invincible.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 18 by Faith, posted 05-09-2017 2:42 PM Faith has not replied

  
herebedragons
Member (Idle past 857 days)
Posts: 1517
From: Michigan
Joined: 11-22-2009


Message 21 of 518 (808280)
05-09-2017 3:07 PM
Reply to: Message 19 by RAZD
05-09-2017 2:54 PM


Re: Counting Alleles - note on junk DNA
Note that some creationists, including Faith iirc, posit junk DNA as either a source of new alleles or as a repository to old ones no longer used.
Faith has stated that, at least some "junk DNA" is dead genes, genes that have been inactivated by mutations. I doubt she would consider that a source of new genes.
HBD

Whoever calls me ignorant shares my own opinion. Sorrowfully and tacitly I recognize my ignorance, when I consider how much I lack of what my mind in its craving for knowledge is sighing for... I console myself with the consideration that this belongs to our common nature. - Francesco Petrarca
"Nothing is easier than to persuade people who want to be persuaded and already believe." - another Petrarca gem.
Ignorance is a most formidable opponent rivaled only by arrogance; but when the two join forces, one is all but invincible.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 19 by RAZD, posted 05-09-2017 2:54 PM RAZD has seen this message but not replied

  
herebedragons
Member (Idle past 857 days)
Posts: 1517
From: Michigan
Joined: 11-22-2009


Message 278 of 518 (809591)
05-19-2017 11:06 AM
Reply to: Message 274 by Percy
05-19-2017 9:28 AM


Re: On Adam & Eve?
One question I've sometimes wondered about, and maybe someone here has an answer, is how geneticists decide which half of the paired DNA strands to list.
For Sanger sequencing, the region of interest is amplified using PCR. A forward and reverse primer is used that bind opposite strands at the extents of the target region as in the image below.
After amplification, the PCR products are cleaned and all small nucleotides and primers are removed. Then half of the purified product is put in a well with forward primer and the other half is put into a well with reverse primer. These are processed so that the resulting sequence reads are complimentary which are then aligned using software. The software automatically detects that the strands are complimentary and converts one of them. A consensus sequence is generated from the aligned sequences and this is what is reported.
I'm not sure if this is convention per se, but typically the strand that is amplified by the forward primer is the strand that gets reported. When designing primer pairs, typically you try to located the forward primer at the front of the gene so that the resulting sequence will end up in the same orientation as the direction the gene is transcribed.
NexGen sequencing does not use primers to initiate sequencing and relies much more on software to assemble the individual sequences (100 - 150 bp) but the convention would be the same: to report a gene sequence so that the reported sequence is in the same orientation as the gene is transcribed.
Occasionally you will find a sequence reported in the opposite direction, but software will usually identify it and it can be converted to match the rest of the sequences you are working with.
HBD

Whoever calls me ignorant shares my own opinion. Sorrowfully and tacitly I recognize my ignorance, when I consider how much I lack of what my mind in its craving for knowledge is sighing for... I console myself with the consideration that this belongs to our common nature. - Francesco Petrarca
"Nothing is easier than to persuade people who want to be persuaded and already believe." - another Petrarca gem.
Ignorance is a most formidable opponent rivaled only by arrogance; but when the two join forces, one is all but invincible.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 274 by Percy, posted 05-19-2017 9:28 AM Percy has seen this message but not replied

  
herebedragons
Member (Idle past 857 days)
Posts: 1517
From: Michigan
Joined: 11-22-2009


Message 390 of 518 (810854)
06-02-2017 8:42 AM
Reply to: Message 385 by Faith
06-02-2017 6:01 AM


Re: Multiple Alleles an Inefficient System
I have not been following this discussion super close because I just have not had time to. But I want to see if I understand your scenario and can put it into a clear narrative.
God created Adam and Eve with all the necessary genes and alleles to allow their immune system to fight off any pathogen that may attempt to invade their bodies. But because of the fall, mutations began to be introduced into an otherwise perfectly functioning system. As pathogens mutated they began to overcome the human immune system (through loss of information, of course) and they were then able to cause disease. As the human immune system began to mutate, the distribution of alleles became diluted and so a smaller and smaller proportion of people had a fully functioning immune system. Occasionally, a mutation in an immune system component would allow it to defend against a newer form of a pathogen, but this is an extremely rare exception.
Is this a good summary?
HBD

Whoever calls me ignorant shares my own opinion. Sorrowfully and tacitly I recognize my ignorance, when I consider how much I lack of what my mind in its craving for knowledge is sighing for... I console myself with the consideration that this belongs to our common nature. - Francesco Petrarca
"Nothing is easier than to persuade people who want to be persuaded and already believe." - another Petrarca gem.
Ignorance is a most formidable opponent rivaled only by arrogance; but when the two join forces, one is all but invincible.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 385 by Faith, posted 06-02-2017 6:01 AM Faith has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 398 by NoNukes, posted 06-02-2017 1:12 PM herebedragons has not replied
 Message 400 by Faith, posted 06-02-2017 4:26 PM herebedragons has not replied

  
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