It is my understanding that Newton's math showed that the solar system would not be long-term stable and his conclusion was that God helped maintain the stability and didn't work on the math any further.
He was, of course, wrong. Laplace and Lagrange showed how the solar system is stable (for long periods anyway) due to gravity alone.
This is an example of a scientist actually being influenced by his religious beliefs. And he was wrong and gave up too soon.
Now maybe someone will show us how a specific religious belief had the opposite result.
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