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Author Topic:   Why Evolution is science
Modulous
Member
Posts: 7801
From: Manchester, UK
Joined: 05-01-2005


Message 49 of 200 (365994)
11-25-2006 8:09 PM
Reply to: Message 48 by Confidence
11-25-2006 7:46 PM


a special red-breasted dinosaur
Hi Confidence,
Speciation can also occur by gaining new functions so that it no longer can be classified in its previous species type. (dino to bird evolution) But this speciation, I believe, does not occur.
The thing that's great about evolution is that it insists that new forms are subsets of previous ones - not new forms at all. Thus birds can be classified in its previous 'species type'. This is how it works:
Birds (bipedal, warm-blooded, oviparous vertebrate animals characterized primarily by feathers, a wishbone, forelimbs modified as wings, and (in most) hollow bones)
are
Therapods (bipedal (probably warm blooded), oviparous, vertebrate animals, with a wishbone, hollowish bones and sometimes feathers)
That is to say, birds are a specific kind of Therapoda.
Therapods are a specific kind of Saurischian which are a specific kind of Dinosaur.
So a bird is a very very very specific kind of dinosaur. No magic kind leaps are necessary. A bird is just a microevolved dinosaur kind.

I'll leave it at just one point - I'm sure RAZD will cover the other points (as well as this one) anyway. I just happen to enjoy talking about the nested structure of life.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 48 by Confidence, posted 11-25-2006 7:46 PM Confidence has not replied

  
Modulous
Member
Posts: 7801
From: Manchester, UK
Joined: 05-01-2005


Message 54 of 200 (366155)
11-26-2006 8:06 PM
Reply to: Message 53 by Confidence
11-26-2006 6:36 PM


information and dinosaurs.
I am not certain if most people agree with that.
I can't speak for most people, but I can show it to be widely held. Quickly, the wiki article for birds says:
quote:
Birds are categorised as a biological class, Aves. The earliest known species of this class is Archaeopteryx lithographica, from the Late Jurassic period. Modern phylogenies place birds in the dinosaur clade Theropoda. According to the current consensus, Aves and a sister group, the order Crocodilia, together are the sole living members of an unranked "reptile" clade, the Archosauria.
Thus: birds are in the dinosaur clade. It might be that, strictly speaking, birds aren't a special kind of dinosaur - instead they are a special kind of [something much like a dinosaur]. The consensus (ie most cladists) is that they are one of the few remaining special kinds of Archosaur.
As long as you are saying that birds have something in common with dinosaurs that can put them in that same kind.
Well, birds have scales, three toed feet, feathers, and a wishbone. Many dinosaurs likewise. There are quite a lot. The thing about kinds is that they are a bit vague. Evolution helps us classify easily - it hands us a classification system...forces it upon us. The creationists have a problem. They can say that all birds are all the bird kind because they have inherited them from an ancestral bird with some specialisations along the way. However they stop there and refuse to carry on the argument...special plead for their perceived kinds. Special pleading is not science.
In the case of birds they don't say - but birds all have features that seem to be derived from this other group. Thus birds are a therapod kind. Evolutionists use the same logic applied to the 'bird kind' to define what 'kind' a bird is. And what 'kind' that is (eg a vertebrate kind) and so on and so forth.
However, birds did not spring up from dinosaurs without wings.
Quite right. They probably sprung up from special kinds of dinosaurs/[something like dinosaurs] that had wings or wing like structures. Those structures became more wing like and less arm like.
Since this requires new functions, as in instead of forelegs, we now get wings.
They would have been forearms, much like a bats wings, rather than forelegs. Yes, it would require new functions and creationists have a hard time arguing that new functions cannot arise because they have been observed. They have to say that those functions were there all along but we weren't able to see that, or that the function existed, mutated away and then mutated back, or somesuch.
Nevertheless, 'new' functions are simply slightly different ways of doing an older function.
It is the random processes that create information that lacks any evidence. For where do we see information being randomly assembled? Nowhere.
Indeed. If evolution relied on animals just randomly getting better I along with many other smart people would have long ago laughed at it. Fortunately, heredity and selection are not random - they have a statistical element but random is an entirely inappropriate word for it.
Simply because some of the variation in life is down to chance doesn't mean that evolutionary biologists assert that the variation in life was acquired purely by chance.
Information can only come from other sources of information (like intelligence). Which we see all the time. (engineers making new designs, cell duplication, us chatting right here on evc, etc).
The environment contains a lot of information, and it is the environment that decides who passes on the genes and who doesn't. That is where the information comes from, it is a copy.
For example, one can look at a bird's design and conclude that it came from somewhere with an suitably viscous atmosphere and a gravity that wasn't too strong.
Here is the wonderful thing when you are doing science - you go away and do the test yourself. First define information. Then calculate how much information is in an organism. Each generation calculate the information. Repeat for say, 1,000 generations. Collate the results and decide if information has increased or decreased and calculate the confidence level and error bars.
Then: ask the theory of evolution: what do you predict that information, as I have defined it, will do?
If your experiment is at odds with the theory of evolution - you have a point. If ToE fails that prediction we have an issue that needs to be addressed!
If creationists are doing science, I'm sure you'll be able to find an example of them doing this rather trivial piece of science. The Discovery institute said they have spent millions of dollars on ID recently - perhaps they have done this scientific experiment to confirm or falsify this common claim?


A quick aside: rather than posting generic posts - which get a little confused, try using the reply button attached to the post you want to reply to. It makes it easier to follow the debate then. It helps keep the threads tidy. Also I realise the existence of the 'pile on' going on here, but always try to keep focussed on the topic at hand. You have done so, I think, for the most part. However, I can see this kind of post sparking a divergence from the main topic quite easily. Just a friendly tid bit there, keeps the admins happy, you know?


With that in mind - is there any positive science that creationism has done? It all seems to be focussed on trying to falsify evolution. What explanatory framework can we spring board off using God did It, that can help us predict things as well (or better) than evolution?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 53 by Confidence, posted 11-26-2006 6:36 PM Confidence has not replied

  
Modulous
Member
Posts: 7801
From: Manchester, UK
Joined: 05-01-2005


Message 62 of 200 (366671)
11-28-2006 10:08 PM
Reply to: Message 61 by Confidence
11-28-2006 9:31 PM


so, what on earth is information then?
So it is safe to say that we as humans have more information in our DNA than the DNA of that single cell.
OK, let's run with that.
I have not quantified information, but I would suggest that our DNA strand is a bit longer than the one of that basic cell.
So, if we observed a DNA strand 'gaining length' (I suppose you mean 'an increase in the number of base pairs), then we have an increase in information?
You originally made the claim that information cannot increase. You cite a single celled organism at the start of life and compare it to a human. You say there has been an increase of information. What you have not demonstrated is that this increase of information is not possible.
Let's imagine evolution didn't happen though. Thus information was greater or equal in the past.
That's all great, but now we have to design an experiment that shows this 'information' increasing or decreasing to see which history is accurate. Natural History or Supernatural History. If you think that information is a great way to demonstrate that Natural History has it wrong, you need to tell us what information is.
I know you won't be able to, because this is an old argument and nobody has been able to actually quantify it other than to say 'natural history demands that information increases but no experiment has shown this is possible'. Maybe an experiment has been done to show that it is possible. Without knowing what you actually mean we can't test.
Do you mean
length of genome?
number of genes?
number of proteins?
number of nucleotides/Nucleobases/Nucleosides/Deoxynucleotides/Ribonucleic acids/Deoxyribonucleic acids?
What experiment would demonstrate to you that information can increase? What experiment would demonstrate that it can't?
I suspect this isn't really about information when we look at it. I think you are just saying evolution can't happen, and is actually an argument from incredulity attempting to sound like a scientific objection.
You essentially admit you have no argument when you say:
Maybe a numerical value will be given to such a head when the information theorists are done.
Maybe? When some people are done?
Right at this moment you made a claim. You have failed to back that claim up. That is where we are. You have rephrased the argument, but it has not changed. I refer you to rule number four in the forum rules:
quote:
Points should be supported with evidence and/or reasoned argumentation. Address rebuttals through the introduction of additional evidence or by enlarging upon the argument. Do not repeat previous points without further elaboration. Avoid bare assertions.
You are dangerously close to looping over and over. You have given no evidence for your claim. You have tried to use reasoned argumentation but in my opinion you have simply restated your position in different words. Here is your position one more time:
1. Evolution/Natural History requires that information increase.
2. Information cannot increase without intelligence.
The post I am replying to essentially says 'I don't know what information is, but for the sake of argument let's say point 1 is right...' so now what? Can you support point 2 with reason or evidence? Will you just assert it is true, or obvious. Will you simply state that it hasn't been shown, without telling us what 'it' is.
Both of your points have to be true for you to have an argument here, if we are charitable and accept the first point as a given, you still have to demonstrate the latter to be true. To do that you have to quantify information.
Good luck - many have tried. All have failed.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 61 by Confidence, posted 11-28-2006 9:31 PM Confidence has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 65 by Confidence, posted 11-29-2006 3:28 PM Modulous has not replied

  
Modulous
Member
Posts: 7801
From: Manchester, UK
Joined: 05-01-2005


Message 154 of 200 (379509)
01-24-2007 1:06 PM
Reply to: Message 151 by AndyB
01-24-2007 12:35 PM


Re: Why the issue about Darwin?
You missed out an important part of Larry's posting:- He posts Futuyuma's quote and basically agrees with it. He goes on to say that a minimal definition of evolution is:
quote:
Evolution is a process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over many generations.
he also quotes this as a good definition:
quote:
In fact, evolution can be precisely defined as any change in the frequency of alleles within a gene pool from one generation to the next.
They both agree that the pertinent thing that changes in evolution is the gene pool of the population.
He then goes on to say that BIOLOGICAL evolution
biological evolution was the focus of the OP. Are you conceding that evolution in our context, is more than simply 'change'?
But "successive changes", or "accumulated changes"? Where's the science there? It's pure pie in the sky. What experiments we have (such as growing extra bristles on a fruit fly) only show that the accumulation of adaptive changes are limited in their extent.
Of course various explanations have been offered, but no evidence has been produced to demonstrate that these boundaries can be overcome.
The evidence is that most if not all living beings share common ancestry - thus the 'boundaries' have been 'broken' already - we need an explanation for this. Whilst incomplete, the ToE helps us investigate how these boundaries broke. That we don't yet have all the answers does not imply that the answers do not exist. The science in evolution - is trying to discover how the natural world got to where it is.
The evidence incidentally, can be found in many threads and throughout the internet. Multiple lines converging to one conclusion. Nested hierearchies derived from genetic and morphological studies being very closely alligned is a wonderful pile of evidence for example.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 151 by AndyB, posted 01-24-2007 12:35 PM AndyB has not replied

  
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