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Author | Topic: Can Creationists Show Evolution Never Happened? | |||||||||||||||||||||||
mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
I wish to turn a question on its head & pass it back to anti-evolutionists/creationists.
Evolution is the mechanism by which a species changes as random mutation is offered up to non-random natural selection. There are two factors that have to be true for evolution to be happen. Natural Selection; This phenomenon has been observed & documented. E.g Anti-Biotic resistant bacteria. DDT resistant Insects, & Galapagos Finches. In all three cases I give, measurable change are evident in decades, not millions of years. Mutation; This is also observed & quantifiable. The organic bases, Guamine, Thymine, Cytosine, & Adenine are grouped together in pairs (A & T, G & C) in DNA. Three pairs of bases forms a codon. There are 90,000,000 codons in 40,000 genes in a single strand of human DNA. In humans the rate of mutation is about 1 mutation every 1,000,000 codons. So in every cell division that takes place in our bodies there are on average, 90 mutations. In haploid cells, (sperm & egg) that contain only half the genetic information, 45 mutations will occur. This amounts to every human having 90 mutations in the first cell of their development (45 in the sperm, plus 45 in the egg). That is to say, there is information coded in every individuals DNA that has nothing to do with the information of their parents DNA. To save myself from repeating myself, I give an account of how natural selection & mutation work together to allow evolution, in the "What is the evolutionairy theory on the Giraffe?" thread. So please take a look to get a better picture of what I’m on about. So, within the framework of the information given, that evolution relies on only two factors, mutation & natural selection, both of which are known. Could any anti-evolutionist explain how evolution doesn’t happen? ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
[QUOTE]Originally posted by redstang281:
[B]Creationist agree that adaptation occurs. Adaptation is evidence of a "good design." [QUOTE] What is the mechanism of this "adaption" [QUOTE]
Mutations do not proove evolution. Mutations are never "good" or helpful to an organism. The plant or animal that is mutated is always worse off than he was before. [QUOTE]
How do you know this? A mutation that improved the oxygen affinity of haemaglobin would be positive, a few codons reversed/removed/added could do this, its only a molecule. There is no reason a given mutation can't be positive.
[QUOTE]
Besides, even when mutations do occur, they only scramble the genetic information that is already there. Mutations do not and can not add information [QUOTE]
Mutations do effectively scramble existing genetic information. But this IS new information. It is interpreted into different proteins that may have NEVER existed before, just by switching a few codons around. To say it isn't new is like saying the new testament doesn't contain new information because its just the same letters arranged differently. ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
[QUOTE]Originally posted by redstang281:
[b] The animal looses the same amount of information that it gains. And like I said, the gains are never good.[/QUOTE] Information loss is irrelevent. New information is there. Also there are mutations that cause replication of lengths of DNA, so genetic material CAN be added, & subsequently mutated, giving more, new information.
[QUOTE]Originally posted by redstang281:
[b] quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What is the mechanism of this "adaption" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I suppose it would be the ability to handle changes in the enviroment without becoming extinct. However, these traits are already present in the animal before the enviromental condition which causes them to appear occurs. There also reaches a point where no further change can occur. I believe this is apparent because the enviroment changes very dramatically sometimes, yet animals die out, and we witness no new species. .[/QUOTE] Yes, but the mechanism? Also, new species are being described all the time.
[QUOTE]Originally posted by redstang281:
[b] Do you know of an example of an animal with a good mutation? [/QUOTE] Yes. "Today bacteria are an important tool in the study of genetics and biotechnology, but for 40 years after the rediscovery of Mendel's work and the rebirth of genetics, they were considered too simple to have genes, undergo mutation, or reproduce sexually. This is not surprising - bacteria are so small that it's very difficult to study individuals. Scientists had long observed differences between bacterial colonies, but had never realized that these differences were the results of mutations. It was well known that if a bacterial virus was added to a flask containing bacteria, the liquid in the flask would become clear, as if the virus had killed all the bacteria. However, with time, the flask would once again become cloudy as the bacterial population rebounded - now composed of virus-resistant bacteria. This happened even when all the bacteria in the flask were the clonal offspring of a single bacterium. Although such bacteria should have all been genetically identical, some of them were susceptible to the virus while others were resistant. Two explanations for this unexpected variation confronted the scientific community: either (1) exposure to the virus had caused some small proportion of the bacteria to become immune and able to pass this immunity on to their offspring, or (2) the virus-resistant form already existed in the colony prior to the introduction of the virus - having arisen through mutation - and it was selected for by the addition of the virus. To determine which explanation was correct, Salvador Luria and Max Delbruck, working together at Cold Spring Harbor during World War II, devised a test. According to Luria, his inspiration for the test was his observation of a colleague playing at a dime slot machine at a faculty dance. After consistently losing for some time, his friend finally hit the jackpot. Luria realized that if the slot machine distributed payoffs randomly, according only to chance, the payoff would usually be zero, occasionally be a few dimes, and almost never be a true jackpot. However, the machine he was observing had clearly been programmed to return an excess of both zeros and jackpots. Luria returned to the lab and set up a large number of bacterial cultures, starting each one from only a small number of cells. He allowed the cultures to grow for a while, then added virus and counted how many bacteria survived (were resistant). He reasoned that if resistance was induced in bacteria randomly, in response to contact with a virus, it would be expected to occur at a zero or low level in all cultures - like the zero or small payoffs from a slot machine operating by chance. Alternatively, if resistance was the result of a mutation, the results would be analogous to the payoff from a programmed slot machine. Most bacteria in most cultures would not mutate, but if one did, it would reproduce and when the virus was added there would be many survivors - a jackpot! By looking at the fluctuations in the pattern of payoff (viral resistance), he and Delbruck could determine whether they were governed purely by chance or if the game was "rigged" by mutation. It turned out that the number of resistant bacteria varied greatly between cultures; the fluctuations in payoff were far too great to be accounted for purely by chance. These fluctuations proved that bacteria did undergo mutation - and that the resistance to the virus they used in the experiment (a T1 bacteriophage) arose through such mutation. By analyzing their data further, Luria and Delbruck were also able to determine the rate of bacterial mutation from virus-sensitive to virus-resistant. The likelihood of any single bacterium mutating during each cell division was extremely low - only about one in a hundred million, explaining why it was so difficult to detect and study bacterial mutations. Luria and Delbruck were successful because they created a method that screened for the outcomes of such rare events. They screened for the mutation from virus-sensitive to virus-resistant by exposing the cultures to the fatal virus. Other mutations, for which there was no such screening method, would have been almost impossible to detect. " So there you have it. A repeatable experiment showing mutation & natural selection do indeed occur. Now, can we return to my original post? What stops evolution occurring given mutation & natural selection are observable. ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with. [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-17-2001]
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: The example I gave regarding mutating bacteria is proven by repeatable experiment. Whats to misinterpret? You will have to do better than baseless accusations of fraud. In fact, the experiments I quoted were undertaken in 1943, creationists that you have listened to you knew this. Yet they lied to you when they said there was no evidence of selective positive mutations. They've been in denial ever since. Back to my original challenge to creationists. "What stops evolution occurring given mutation & natural selection are observable." I have shown both natural selection & that selective positive mutations exist. So whats the problem with evolution. What stops it happening? ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with. [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-17-2001] [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-17-2001]
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: If I wrote a word that no one had written before it would be new, by definition. If I randomly pulled letters out of a scrabble set, & got the same word, it would still be new. It can only be impossible if were defining "new" in different ways. What do you define as new?
quote: If the sender changes, or something happens during sending, the code is changed. Or , that the code can define the sender as well. "In 1970, several cases of where RNA sequences are used to specify DNA nucleotide sequences." (Moore & Slusher 1970 p114)
quote: To counter the first part, I'm not saying gene replication isn't rare, nor that it isn't harmful, more often than not. But "it often causes harm" isn't "always causes harm". Natural selection culls the harmful ones, ignores the neutral ones, & positively selects for the the remainder. Also, polyploids - Increasing chromosome count. If a population consists of a billion indiviuals who produce 1 +ve mutation (about 1% of mutations/generation, & 1/50th chance of gene survival, then a 1/30th chance of the gene to become general the population thats still nearly 667,000 +ve mutations that become adopted, & general to the population, PER generation. Next generation you've got another 667,000 genes that become general to the population, & due to to selective environmental pressures you accept, would generally reinforce the 667,000 mutated genes already in existence...... & so on..... --------------------------------------------- "There certainly is no empirical evidence to support this." So, you will only accept increase in protein complexity if I can show it. Empirical evidence. I maintain that the direct descent of organisms over time is the best theory to fit available evidence, there is no empirical evidence of an Intelligent Designer. Phylogenies, based on evidences of amino acid sequences (showing insertion, addition, & deletions.) taxonomic, immunolgical, etc. all support each other. That I can't provide directly observable evidence of protein addition, it nevertheless remains the best theory. I only adhere to evolution as the best explanation in the absence of empirical evidence of a creator. Perhaps you should apply your own reasoning to your own concusions. You say I have no empirical evidence, well, intelligent design requires an intelligent designer. Empirical evidence please. ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: I gave an example of beneficial mutation in this thread, 60 years old. Which figure is it to be 1 in 50 or 1 in 100 or more? Also, Haldane is 40 years in his grave & I fail to see how modern genetics have been included in his calculations. Haldane believed in Panspermia too. Do you believe in Panspermia, since what Haldane says is good enough for you? ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with. [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-20-2001]
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: "In 1970, several cases of where RNA sequences are used to specify DNA nucleotide sequences." (Moore & Slusher 1970 p114) Arguing from inside your argument, wouldn't they both be sender & receiver at the same time? Since you obviously reject this, what constitutes a receiver in genetics? ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
Wasn't the ribosome a product of the DNA itself?
------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: Explain why. Given you accept the adoption of mutation in a species due to ns, What is the limiting factor? ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: The first part about mutations being necessarily harmful is patently wrong, as is evidenced by my reply to Redstang281 at beginning of this thread (about halfway down 1st page). Put simply Bacteria mutated & were able to survive virus'. So the question remains, whats the limit? Also, if your going to condescend, you better make reeeeeeeeeeal sure of your information.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
RetroCrono,
Ask a genuine question without condescending at me & I’ll try my best.
quote: That bacteria are living organisms is not in issue. Ask any of the better informed creationists here. A bacteria IS a living system, it needs nutrition, it respires, reproduces etc. It’s knowledge of its existence is utterly irrelevant, plants don’t either, nor does someone in a coma, what’s the diff? Separating bacteria from other life forms is a bit silly, you have single celled plants & animals that aren’t bacteria.If you mean the difference between single & multicellular life, so what? The genetic stuffs the same. Again, don’t take my word for it ask any of the other creationists. The same processes are required for mutation, just asserting that it is single celled is irrelevant. Mutation that has a positive effect, & is then culled by natural selection, can & has entered a general population. quote: Since you never read it, I’ll post again, so I apologise to other members. "Today bacteria are an important tool in the study of genetics and biotechnology, but for 40 years after the rediscovery of Mendel's work and the rebirth of genetics, they were considered too simple to have genes, undergo mutation, or reproduce sexually. This is not surprising - bacteria are so small that it's very difficult to study individuals. Scientists had long observed differences between bacterial colonies, but had never realized that these differences were the results of mutations.It was well known that if a bacterial virus was added to a flask containing bacteria, the liquid in the flask would become clear, as if the virus had killed all the bacteria. However, with time, the flask would once again become cloudy as the bacterial population rebounded - now composed of virus-resistant bacteria. This happened even when all the bacteria in the flask were the clonal offspring of a single bacterium. Although such bacteria should have all been genetically identical, some of them were susceptible to the virus while others were resistant. Two explanations for this unexpected variation confronted the scientific community: either (1) exposure to the virus had caused some small proportion of the bacteria to become immune and able to pass this immunity on to their offspring, or (2) the virus-resistant form already existed in the colony prior to the introduction of the virus - having arisen through mutation - and it was selected for by the addition of the virus. To determine which explanation was correct, Salvador Luria and Max Delbruck, working together at Cold Spring Harbor during World War II, devised a test. According to Luria, his inspiration for the test was his observation of a colleague playing at a dime slot machine at a faculty dance. After consistently losing for some time, his friend finally hit the jackpot. Luria realized that if the slot machine distributed payoffs randomly, according only to chance, the payoff would usually be zero, occasionally be a few dimes, and almost never be a true jackpot. However, the machine he was observing had clearly been programmed to return an excess of both zeros and jackpots. Luria returned to the lab and set up a large number of bacterial cultures, starting each one from only a small number of cells. He allowed the cultures to grow for a while, then added virus and counted how many bacteria survived (were resistant). He reasoned that if resistance was induced in bacteria randomly, in response to contact with a virus, it would be expected to occur at a zero or low level in all cultures - like the zero or small payoffs from a slot machine operating by chance. Alternatively, if resistance was the result of a mutation, the results would be analogous to the payoff from a programmed slot machine. Most bacteria in most cultures would not mutate, but if one did, it would reproduce and when the virus was added there would be many survivors - a jackpot! By looking at the fluctuations in the pattern of payoff (viral resistance), he and Delbruck could determine whether they were governed purely by chance or if the game was "rigged" by mutation. It turned out that the number of resistant bacteria varied greatly between cultures; the fluctuations in payoff were far too great to be accounted for purely by chance. These fluctuations proved that bacteria did undergo mutation - and that the resistance to the virus they used in the experiment (a T1 bacteriophage) arose through such mutation. By analyzing their data further, Luria and Delbruck were also able to determine the rate of bacterial mutation from virus-sensitive to virus-resistant. The likelihood of any single bacterium mutating during each cell division was extremely low - only about one in a hundred million, explaining why it was so difficult to detect and study bacterial mutations. Luria and Delbruck were successful because they created a method that screened for the outcomes of such rare events. They screened for the mutation from virus-sensitive to virus-resistant by exposing the cultures to the fatal virus. Other mutations, for which there was no such screening method, would have been almost impossible to detect. " quote: Who said DNA was free range? What is the biology of DNA? Horses & Foxes can’t mate because they are different species. Unless DNA is matched relatively closely no viable organism will result. The generally accepted definition of species is that of an organisms that can produce fertile young. Why fertile? Well, interestingly, the line is blurred between the point where organisms can produce young, & not produce young. It is possible for two closely related species to produce infertile hybrids. Eg Horse & donkey produce mules. There is NO species of mule, they are purely the product of horses & donkeys. I live in the UK where there is a fish group called cyprinids, these are represented by bream, roach, rudd, carp, chub, dace, they all can hybridise. ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with. [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-23-2001]
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
[QUOTE]Originally posted by RetroCrono:
[b] quote: Several evolutionist actually. My teacher for one and I can also remember reading a text book showing the artist conceptions from the fox to the horse.
quote: One example that proves CONCLUSIVELY that positive mutation a/ happens b/ becomes general to a population via natural selection is enough. Look up conclusively. It happened & saying it didn’t won’t help. Latest information indicates that most mutations are neutral, only a small proportion being negative or positive. Get a recent textbook. Those several evolutionists should be horsewhipped. I suggest you don’t listen to them. The evolution of the horse NEVER suggested it evolved from a fox. I doubt the fossil record shows foxes at the time of Hyracotherium. How did a monkey/ape's brain evolve into a superior thinking brain if it can only overall get dumber? This is your inference, not ToE. and since then everything has slowly been degerating, which, observing the evidence is what you see. Evidence pls.
quote: I did define it. In my very first post, no less. I should have included the mechanism of neutral drift, recombination, & lateral gene transfer, but the definition stands. If your talking about can creationist show macro-evolution never happened then I can straight away say yes, since you are yet to show that it did happen, let alone possibly could. That I can’t observe it happening it doesn’t mean it didn’t/isn’t. Do you realise the implication for your God, if you apply this statement to him? LOL How do you have micro-evolution that you accept, without natural selection that you don’t accept? My DNA blueprint was decided when i was CONCEIVED, not born. Regarding Jews, nobody HAS to be circumcised, it’s a religious practice & what this has to do with nat sel I don’t know!! If Jews stopped ritual circumcision today, they would be no better/worse off than other people who are uncircumcised. GOOD GRIEF! The genetic information in a dog that makes it have a tail is not contained in the tail!!!! So when dogs breed they SHOULD have a tail, even if they’re docked at birth. GOOD GRIEF!! They could be bred not to have one, given enough time selecting dogs with shorter tails than others, & breeding them. Kind of unnatural selection. The rest of the personal evolution is waffle & has nothing to do with the genetic processes at issue. There are plenty of examples of natural selection, rather than me do a web search, you take a stroll on the net for yourself. I don't mean Answers in Genesis either. RetroCrono, I say this with respect, because we all have to learn it somewhere. But this post has just made you look a bit silly, regarding docked tails & Jews. It shows a complete lack of knowledge of ToE, genetics & heredity. The simple stuff. If you have made such a decision that evolution couldn't have happened, then you have clearly done it from a position of ignorance. Count yourself lucky I got to this post before Schrafinator. ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with. [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-26-2001] [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-26-2001] [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-26-2001]
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: EXACTLY what was your point regarding docked tails & Jews circumcision? I have given you a case where a positive mutation & natural selection occurs. Argue with the conclusion if you wish, blanket statements that it can’t happen, when I have shown it does will not help. blindness, deafness, aids, cancer, heart failure, collapsed lungs, disordered muscle growth how is heart failure a mutation? Or collapsed lung? Or AIDS (the virus!) deafness & blindness can both be caused by recessive genes & not mutation, man you’re a peach! I didn’t admit you get the DNA from conception, I pointed it out to you.
quote: How is Einsteins 2nd Law ignored by the big bang? I await your description in detail, & conclusion of circumcised Jews & docked dogs tails re. evolution, with anticipation. Please assume I know nothing, & you're explaining it to someone who has never heard of heredity/genetics/evolution before. ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
quote: No, you weren't.
quote: You were telling me natural selection never happened, & asked me to explain why Jews still need to be circumcised, & why dogs that have had their tails docked for centuries are still born with tails. I'm asking how this shows natural selection, or "so called evolving" never happened. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Regarding the 2nd Law Of Thermodynamics, the universe is only a closed system if it is finite. This is unknown. Secondly, you're essentially claiming that from the initial conditions of the big bang, no greater order could arise. Why do electrons, protons & neutrons so readily form atoms? Why, if energy is supplied to chemical systems do they form more complex molecules? Clearly proving you wrong. In a closed system FINITE universe, entropy will increase. But a finite universe is made of many open systems, allowing molecules of greater complexity to form. In the end this finite system will run out of gas, but in the meantime it ticks along very nicely. The 2nd Law Of Thermodynamics does not contravene the big bang. So no, I'm not kidding. [/B][/QUOTE] ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with. [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-27-2001]
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5223 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
Fred
quote: Speaking of avoiding things..... ------------------Occam's razor is not for shaving with. [This message has been edited by mark24, 12-28-2001]
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