I'll just address one, because I'm not an expert. However, this glaring misunderstanding got to me.
quote:
1 and 2 can get passed on to progeny
Only if it's on the sex chromosome right?
No. We get all our chromosomes from our parents. A mutation on
any gene will be inherited. Perhaps you mean that the mutation has to occur in the production of gametes? In sexually reproducing organisms, this is of course correct. But the mutation can be on any chromosome and will be inherited.