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Author Topic:   Is there really such a thing as a beneficial mutation?
Faith 
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From: Nevada, USA
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Message 95 of 223 (343190)
08-25-2006 1:33 AM
Reply to: Message 94 by Aegist
08-25-2006 1:25 AM


The "overwhelming evidence" is an illusion. But there is no point in arguing this with a dozen people who are only going to use their numbers and their being on the side of the "right" opinion, plus ridicule, to win their point, instead of arguments, and who just can't bear it when we aren't persuaded.
But maybe it's just that the positions on both sides are clear and this is an impasse. I doubt it though. I don't think anybody here grasped what mjfloresta or I was trying to say.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 99 of 223 (343203)
08-25-2006 2:21 AM
Reply to: Message 98 by Wounded King
08-25-2006 2:15 AM


Great. Instead of a continuation of the back and forth about the creo interpretation vs the evo interpretation, maybe you could launch this thread in the direction of a discussion of the actual particulars of some of the mutations known as beneficial. Perhaps a list of all known ones at some point. Or maybe Crash could offer that.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 103 of 223 (343219)
08-25-2006 5:24 AM
Reply to: Message 101 by ikabod
08-25-2006 4:59 AM


I have NO idea why you are informing me of these obvious things.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 105 of 223 (343221)
08-25-2006 6:28 AM
Reply to: Message 104 by Belfry
08-25-2006 6:19 AM


Re: Trade-offs
Thank you, that's at least an explanation, but the trade-offs I had in mind weren't adaptations, they were active diseases vs. active diseases.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 106 of 223 (343222)
08-25-2006 6:40 AM
Reply to: Message 104 by Belfry
08-25-2006 6:19 AM


Re: Trade-offs
I think the point was that most traits that could be considered "beneficial" do indeed involve compromises and trade-offs, which is in response to your Message 14, in which you speak of "the functioning precision and elegance in so many living things, most of which functions without the compromises and trade-offs accepted as beneficial mutations."
Another thing is that you are apparently assuming, as per the ToE, that all "traits" are the result of mutation. This is understandable, it is what the ToE dictates. But creationists question this of course. Traits are simply the selected product of the variety of alleles already present in a population, which were designed into the creature, not created by mutation.
So I was not talking about traits, but only about the supposedly beneficial mutations that are currently claimed to have been observed, more than one of which is like the Sickle Cell genetic disease which is strongly selected because of its protection against malaria.

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 Message 109 by Wounded King, posted 08-25-2006 7:07 AM Faith has replied
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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 112 of 223 (343228)
08-25-2006 7:16 AM
Reply to: Message 110 by nator
08-25-2006 7:07 AM


Re: Trade-offs
You have the usual fanciful and totally hypothetical scenario about how everything came about according to the ToE. I'm trying to talk about actual evidence, not the standard evo fantasies. I address the specific examples given, such as the sickle cell mutation and people answer with standard ToE hypotheses. Not kosher.
Again, I KNOW I KNOW I KNOW already that evolution doesn't give a fig about long healthy lives or anything else except survival and propagation. Good grief, this is tiresome. But it is not anthropomorphizing anything to suspect that what is observed of what IS healthy could not possibly have come about by a system that pits disease against disease, and that calling that "beneficial" flies in the face of reason. Such a system is not a viable system even for survival let alone evolution.
But since this logic is not convincing to anyone who is stuck on the ToE, that's fine, I'm ready to stop discussing this since it is going nowhere.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 113 of 223 (343229)
08-25-2006 7:20 AM
Reply to: Message 111 by Belfry
08-25-2006 7:16 AM


Re: Trade-offs
I understand that, and in message 14 you implied that these mutations were distinct from previously existing traits because they involve compromises and trade-offs, whereas you said existing traits do not. The point is, compromise is the rule rather than the exception in existing traits as well.
Adaptations of the sort described ARE elegant and precise by the terms I was using, they are NOT "compromises" of the sort of disease vs. disease. I'm questioning the very idea that such adaptations could ever have come about by such a process as mutation as described in the few examples so far given.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 114 of 223 (343231)
08-25-2006 7:36 AM
Reply to: Message 109 by Wounded King
08-25-2006 7:07 AM


Re: Trade-offs
Designed into the creaures when? How many creatures? What was the initial population size and how long ago was this?
If scientists weren't so besotted with the ToE we might be able to come up with some answers to such questions. They'll never stand a chance when people's minds are turned in the opposite direction.
What possible criteria distinguish the character of the genetic differences seen in beneicial alleles from the many experimentaly observed or genetically documented forms of genetic mutation? What barrier prevents the same mutations happening to produce exactly the beneficial alleles you are ascribing to prior design?
I have no idea. The fact appears to be that they don't, that's all, but instead produce all kinds of useless or deleterious alleles in some amazing proportion, and besides that, I know you think the short list of beneficial mutations so far discussed on the other thread is sufficient evidence that this could be the cause of all traits, but I simply despair of anyone's seeing how obviously it can't possibly be so. And I know you despair of my seeing how it is.
It isn't just an understandable assumption because it is what the ToE dictates but because it is consistent with all the known mechanisms of genetics and with the many observed forms of genetic mutation.
You have to be somehow dismissing the implications of the enormous preponderance of deleterious mutations and supposedly functionless mutations that simply snuff out alleles right and left to who-knows-what ultimate end. Yes, I know selection supposedly weeds all this out, but but that's just theory, not actual fact. There's a lot of useless junk and various less-than-desirable mutations in all our genomes so obviously a lot didn't get weeded out.
All the novel traits we have seen develop de novo are the products of mutation so what reason, other than a prior bias, would there be for assuming that other traits are not?
Well, this is where I'd like to see a really comprehensive list of these so-called novel traits you have actually seen develop de novo that are viable or beneficial. I'm not impressed with the short list so far. This isn't about my assumptions, it's just about the claims for this list against what actually exists. I suppose my assumptions make it possible for me to think against the ToE of course.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 116 of 223 (343238)
08-25-2006 8:24 AM
Reply to: Message 115 by ramoss
08-25-2006 8:15 AM


Re: Beneficial mutation
That is easy enough. Look at the development of the ear. We have fossil evidence on how that developed. it can be shown, via fossil evidence, how selection caused the ear to form.
All fossil evidence can show is a variety of designs of the ear. The idea that one is related to another genetically is a purely hypothetical assumption imposed on the data.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 119 of 223 (343250)
08-25-2006 9:14 AM
Reply to: Message 117 by Percy
08-25-2006 9:03 AM


Re: Trade-offs
What is "denial mode?" What am I denying? Your personal characterization of my motives is unwelcome. Please take it back.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 121 of 223 (343258)
08-25-2006 9:59 AM
Reply to: Message 120 by Percy
08-25-2006 9:54 AM


Re: Trade-offs
I myself have complained about the turn this thread took, and have blamed it on the way I ended up writing my OP. There is no denial involved. The thread started going back in the old direction and there seemed to be no way to rescue it and I just started answering people according to their arguments. If those arguments stop coming up, all will be well. If you have a way to rescue the thread, then do so.
However, my intention was not to understand how evolution views anything, but what science has to say about mutations.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 125 of 223 (343263)
08-25-2006 10:16 AM
Reply to: Message 117 by Percy
08-25-2006 9:03 AM


Re: Trade-offs
Perhaps the confusion is related to the definition of beneficial. There's definitely a component of your approach to to thinking this that seems to be saying, "How could a mistake ever be beneficial? This is obviously impossible!"
A beneficial mutation is one that confers differential reproductive success upon the organism. Differential reproductive success means that the organism with the mutation is differently successful than other organisms without the mutation at producing offspring. If the mutation causes the organism to become better at producing offspring, then to a degree governed by the laws of genetics and the details of the organism's reproductive process its offspring inherit the mutation, and it spreads throughout the population because of the greater ability to produce offspring.
But if the mutation causes the organism to become less successful at producing offspring, then the mutation tends not to spread through the population because the organism produces less offspring than other individuals. In the worst case the mutation causes death before the organism reaches sexual maturity, the organism produces no offspring at all, and the mutation dies out in a single generation.
What's most important about a mutation is its effect on an organism's ability to produce offspring. If the mutation enables it to produce more offspring, then it is beneficial. If the mutation makes the organism less able to produce offspring, then it is harmful.
Another restatement of the evo definition. I understand it already. I've understood it all along. Let's get the thread off the creo-evo argument and this will not be a problem any more. As long as that argument is alive I'm going to continue to challenge this tunnel-visioned definition as simply obscuring the fact that evolution can't happen. Drop it now and let's get on with the actual science of mutations.
Another component to your approach to thinking about beneficial mutations seems related not to single mutations during single reproductive events, but multiple beneficial mutations over long periods of time and many reproductive events. But once you've accepted the possibility of a beneficial mutation in a single reproductive event, since the probability of a beneficial mutation is largely independent of past reproductive events, future reproductive events are about as likely to produce beneficial mutations as ones in the past. Just like a throw in dice of boxcars (6 on each of two die) does not affect the likelihood of the next throw being boxcars, a reproductive event resulting in a beneficial mutation does not affect the likelihood of another beneficial mutation in the next reproductive event.
I never said it did and I already answered your die analogy.
You have to be somehow dismissing the implications of the enormous preponderance of deleterious mutations and supposedly functionless mutations that simply snuff out alleles right and left to who-knows-what ultimate end.
I thought you said you were going to try and understand things this time. Where did you get the idea that functionless mutations snuff out alleles?
Perhaps a misunderstanding. I don't remember where. From something Crashfrog said I think. If false, then let it be corrected.
Yes, I know selection supposedly weeds all this out, but but that's just theory, not actual fact.
It's not fact, but it *is* theory supported by massive piles of evidence.
Let me reword it. I gave examples of how it doesn't appear that enough weeding is going on.
You're now denying a process that is so well established that students in biology programs observe this very process experimentally when they do their genetics labs. This is why people keep mentioning bacterial experiments to you. The bacterial experiments aren't popular because the process only happens in bacteria. They're popular because they can be done in less than a week. The same kind of reproductive errors and selection observed with bacteria are observed with other organisms, both in the lab and in the wild, but over much longer time periods.
I'm not sure what this proves. I've accepted the bacteria examples. I simply don't like the human examples. They aren't of the same sort of thing.
There's a lot of useless junk and various less-than-desirable mutations in all our genomes so obviously a lot didn't get weeded out.
I guarantee you that no one living in the world today possesses a fatal mutation that is dominant expressive. That's because they're filtered (selected against) very well. In other words, 100% of fatal mutations are filtered. Mutations that are less than 100% fatal or that have recessive qualities so they can easily hide in the genome are of course filtered to a lesser degree. But since they do not contribute positively to people's differential reproductive success and because they can, under conditions that cause them to be expressed, contribute negatively to differential reproductive success, they cannot help but be filtered to some degree from the population because the affected individuals produce fewer offspring.
I don't have a problem understanding this. I simply see it as a system that can't work for what it's supposed to account for. BUT I DO NOT WANT TO ARGUE THIS ANY MORE. In fact why are YOU arguing it since you want to get this thread back onto science?
Well, this is where I'd like to see a really comprehensive list of these so-called novel traits you have actually seen develop de novo that are viable or beneficial. I'm not impressed with the short list so far.
I've seen no indication that you've understood anything on the short list so far, though that hasn't stopped you from saying you're unimpressed and rejecting them. You seem to believe it's valid to conclude that that which you don't yet understand is false.
I understand it just fine. I don't see why you think I don't. I disagree with the role it is given to play in being the driving force of evolution. BUT AGAIN, if you really want to get this thread off this argument and onto a simple discussion of the scientific facts, then stop arguing this.
I suppose I should rewrite the OP because it is only going to invite more of same.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 127 of 223 (343265)
08-25-2006 10:24 AM
Reply to: Message 126 by Percy
08-25-2006 10:22 AM


Re: Trade-offs
Science is phenomena, is facts. Evolution is theory, is interpretation.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 132 of 223 (343281)
08-25-2006 10:57 AM
Reply to: Message 129 by RickJB
08-25-2006 10:44 AM


Re: Trade-offs
How long have YOU been posting here? The same old canard about how the theory of evolution IS science. Fine, it's science the way any working interpretation of the data is science in some sense. The ToE is under debate here, remember? This habit of treating the ToE as the open and shut explanation of the data is offensive in this context. The scientific facts are open to other interpretations and keeping some degree of an open mind about that is what SHOULD be going on here.

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Faith 
Suspended Member (Idle past 1472 days)
Posts: 35298
From: Nevada, USA
Joined: 10-06-2001


Message 134 of 223 (343289)
08-25-2006 11:07 AM
Reply to: Message 131 by Percy
08-25-2006 10:56 AM


Re: Trade-offs
No, I don't think you do. I think you're just claiming that you do so you won't have to face them anymore. If you understood them then you'd be able to explain, at a technical level, why you don't accept that, for example, the wisdom tooth mutation is beneficial, something you have yet to do.
For crying out loud, Percy, do you regard the explanations of its supposed benefits that have been put forward here as being on a TECHNICAL level? You mean those wild imaginative hypotheses about how it is good for small jaws, and because they get impacted a lot and so on?
What sort of technical answer could there be to that anyway? I'm sure there are lots of things we can do without that once had a function. The appendix probably once had a function. We probably had all kinds of disease protections we no longer have. How could I guess the probable role of wisdom teeth in our ancestry? Just because losing them is no felt loss now, and in some cases (how many? Nobody has said) may be a relief from crowded teeth and other ills, doesn't mean it isn't REALLY a deleterious mutation, perhaps accommodating to who-knows-how-many previous losses by mutation. Is that technical enough for you? It's at least equivalent to the imaginative ideas about how it's a benefit.
{edit: OK, here's my theory. It's not evo theory for sure. EVEN IF it spreads in the population, by my theory it may still be deleterious. Evo theory DEFINES it as beneficial if it spreads in the population, but this is why the definition is a problem. That's how you get the definition of sickle cells as a beneficial mutation. The loss of wisdom teeth may be positive in relation to previous deleterious mutations that brought about the smaller jaw perhaps. Evolution theory doesn't care. Evolution theory is optimistic about everything that gets spread in the population. That's supposedly how evolution came about. But what if Biblical creationism is true instead? Then everything is deteriorating, human beings are deteriorating, and we may get adaptations TO our deteriorated condition but the overall effect is still deterioration. This is why the nicely streamlined evolutionist definition of survival and propagation of a trait just doesn't cut it. It hides the possibility that devolution may be in fact what is happening.
Edited by Faith, : No reason given.

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