Existence

Hi Paul,Here is the entire page.

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2.3 Relevant Relativity
Several relativistic effects have already been incorporated into the GPS system so, for the ordinary user of broadcast ephemerides, only two relativistic corrections must be considered. First, the receiver must apply a correction to the transmitted time to account
for relativistic effects arising from orbit eccentricity of the transmitting satellite, This is the At, term defined in the ICD. Second, the finite and universally constant speed c of signals propagating in a vacuum from a transmitter to a receiver, relative to an inertial frame (the geometric path delay), must be accounted for. The receiver must also account for ionosplieric aiid tiqmqAicric: delay corrc‘c tioils, wliicli we do iiot consider here.
Three relativistic effects are gernime to GPS. Rates of clocks in GPS are adjusted (as they are for International Atomic Time) to match the rate that clocks would run on the geoid of the earth. The geoid is a surface of constant, gravitational potential in the rotating frame in which the effects (2) and (3) described below add to a constant value.
The three relativity effects are as follows.
(1) Constancy of the speed of light and relativity of synchronization. GPS time is defined using the principle of the constancy of c to synchronize an imagined system of clocks everywhere in space in the neighborhood of the earth (this is called Einstein syn-
chronization). GPS satellite clocks are in principle adjusted to agree with this imagined system of clocks. This network of synchronized GPS clocks realizes a coordinute time, a system of self-consistent time markers with which to label events. This definition of GPS
time requires a locally inertial coordinate system. GPS time is thus defined relative to an earth-centered inertial coordinate system (an ECIF), but the rate is set to match the rate at which clocks would run on the geoid. An ECIF is also used to simplify the paths of signals propagating from satellites, since, with sufficient accuracy for GPS, light travels in Euclidean straight lilies at the speed c iii vacuuiii relative to such inertial frames [a].
(2) Second-older Doppler shift. A clock moving with respect to an ECIF runs slower relative to coordinate time in that ECIF than if it were at, rest in the ECIF. This is the time dilation effect due to the magnitude of the relative velocity, sometimes called the
second-order Doppler effect. For satellites in GPS orbits, the fractional frequency offset needed to compensate for this is approximately +8.3 x relative to the rate of clocks on the earth’s geoid.
(3) Gravitational frequency shift. A clock at rest in a lower gravitational potential runs slower relative to coordinate time than if it were at rest in a higher potential. This is called the gravitational red shift. Thus, standard clocks closer to the earth run slower than standard clocks farther away, since the gravitational potential becomes more negative closer to the earth. Clocks on GPS satellites run faster than clocks at rest on the earth’s surface. Thus GPS satellite clock frequencies need to be adjusted by a fraction of about -5.3 x lo-’’ relative to the earth’s geoid, to compensate for this effect. To compensate for the relativistic effects described in paragraphs (2) an (3) above for circular orbits, and as a consequence of the requirement that GPS satellite clocks run at the rate’that a standard clock on the geoid would run, atomic clocks in GPS satellites are given a fixed fractional frequency offset of -4.4645 x 10-l’. The user does not have to be concerned about these rate corrections.

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Emphasis mine.So according to that the satellite clocks are adjustable and are adjusted to keep the exact time the clock on earth does.If that is wrong please explain.God Bless,Edited by ICANT, : correct recipient

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi fear, From your source.

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SATELLITE CLOCK OFFSETS
GLONASS clock offsets (I) are transmitted as part of each satellite's ephemeris data once every half-hour. The clock information arrives in the form of two parameters (i) the SV clock phase offset from GLONASS system time, @ and (ii) the SV clock fractional frequency offsets from the GLONASS system reference, al. The clock offset az, the second rate of change of phase used in GPS, is not employed by GLONASS as the half-hour update makes this unnecessary. GLONASS does transmit one additional timing parameter - the phase offset between system time and its reference standard, Ao. This last offset is normally only updated once a day. There is again a parallel here between the two satellite navigation systems as GPS also transmits a phase offset between GPS system time and its reference standard, UTC(USN0)

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They adjust the offsets every half hour.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi Rahvin,Seems like I had Rahvin on the brain.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi Paul, Gravity alone will change the frequency. And if I am not mistaken temperature can also change the frequency.

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cesium standard: A primary frequency standard in which electronic transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of cesium-133 atoms is used to control the output frequency. (188) Note : The energy level between the two hyperfine ground states corresponds, in the absence of external influences (e.g. , the magnetic field of the Earth), to a frequency of 9,192,631,770 Hz.

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emphasis mine. SourceI would interpert that to say the closer to the earth the slower the frequency. I could be wrong.I can't make 'source' go to the exact page but if you click on the letter c under the letters, and scroll down to cesium standard and click it you will reach the quote. What happened to the part where I said "they have to match"?The GPS satellite clock and the earthbound clock has to match. If they don't the system will not work.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi hooah, I just prefer to call that eternal existing one God.Rather that a higher power.
Or string theory, or instanton, or God particle, or higgs bosom or any of the other names or hypothesis of what caused the universe to begin to exist in the form we see it today.Just as many as there are for any of these other things I mentioned.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi fear, You really want to know what I think.I think they could just make up a time and as long as the clocks in the satellites and the one on earth were in sync the system would work.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi Straggler, Either one as long as they have been adjusted to the 9,192,631,770 Hz. frequency.In fact you could use any of the clocks in the GPS system as they are all adjusted to operate at the 9,192,631,770 Hz frequency.Time is not affected by the location of the clock, the rate of duration stays the same.The clock mechanism is affected by the gravity or movement of the clock.The stronger the gravity the slower the frequency.
The colder the atom the slower the frequency.
The more excited the atom the faster the frequency.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi NoNukes,Sorry about the neglect. The third paragraph below the one you quoted says:

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In 1967, the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures first defined the International System (SI) unit of time, the second, in terms of atomic time rather than the motion of the Earth. Specifically, a second was defined as the duration of 9,192,631,770 cycles of microwave light absorbed or emitted by the hyperfine transition of cesium-133 atoms in their ground state undisturbed by external fields.

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Your source agrees with the source I presented.They both agree that unaffected by a external magnetic fields such as the gravity of earth the frequency will be 9,192,631,770 Hz. My little Tom Tom is not smart enought to figure out the differences from 4 or 5 different satellites. If it does not get the same time stamp from each GPS clock it will not be able to figure out where it is at on the ground.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi NoNukes, ICANT don't believe time can be dilated.Dilated meaning streached or expanded.You can not streach time like you can bubble gum.Time is a concept of man. A concept can not be streached.An object can be streached or shortned.What kind of an object is time?So could you give me a definition of the time that you are streaching when you talk about time dilation?God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi Taq, What makes you think it does? So what do you use to determine the length of that duration? Are you saying the frequency of the cesium is time? But nothing depends on time. Everything depends upon existing. Time is a concept of man that he invented to measure these physical interactions that you are talking about. But iron oxidizing is not time.The rate a specific pendulum swings is not time but it is used to measure man's concept of time.So I ask again. Can you give me a definition of the time that is being streached by dilation?God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi NoNukes, No.I believe that the further away from the center of the earth a cesium clock is the faster the frequency will be. That is one of the reasons the clock has to be offset before launch to match the clock on the ground.There is also an onboard frequency synthesizer built into the clock to tune the frequency of the satellite clock. I do not deny that motion has an effect on clocks.Duration which is measured by the concept of time invented by man is more constant than the speed of light. Clocks are affected by the gravity of Earth probably by the gravity of the sun, and by motion.Duration which is measured by the concept of time invented by man is not affected by anything.I will get to the muons after further study.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi crash, Can you even define the time that you say streaches?Is time something physical that can be streached like bubble gum?If time is not physical how do you streach it?Question:Where in the universe is light traveling in a vacuum?God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi NoNukes,Re-read your question. I said NO I do not believe that.I then said as you quoted: I believe that the further away from the center of the earth a cesium clock is the faster the frequency will be.So no gravity does not make the clock frequency or tick rate be slower. The reduced gravity will make the clock tick faster because of less force exerted upon the atoms.Now which one of my statements you quoted disagrees with that statement?God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi crash, That is not a definition of time.Time is what measures the duration between events or of events themselves.So give me a definition of time.You say it streaches so you must know what it is that can be streached. If 70% of the universe is made up of dark energy and 25% is made up of dark matter with the other 5% made up of all the stuff we see how can there be a vaccum?If the universe is 100% energy and matter there is no vaccum. Light has to travel through those to get to where it is going.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."

Hi Taq, Where does the second come from? Would it rust out whether the duration of that event is measured or not? Then you should have no problem in giving a definition for the time that is streached in dilation.Can you present one?You guys keep harping about my understanding of time dilation and not one of you have given a definition of what is being dilated.God Bless,

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"John 5:39 (KJS) Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me."