Hey, Brian...C.A..how are you doing this fine day! These questions on literal scriptural interpretation are fascinating and quite articulate! I am no scholar, and I don't have time to dig around, but your question is very valid. Here is my comments regarding this discussion:
1) On the progression of thinking and critique throughout History, we know that the people in early Western Civilization were influenced by many differing academic disciplines. To start with, 95% of the population was excluded before 1500, due to inability to read. Of the ones who were left, we could ask ourselves what cultural zeitguist was the most influential on their individual thought processes. Some were influenced by the Greek culture.(all, in fact.) Some studied the early scriptural manuscripts. One factor which I personally would introduce, yet cannot prove, is the value of Spiritual impartation through a unique and personal way of reading the early scriptures.
We can ask ourselves,
what is a literalist, by definition?
If by literalist, we mean it says what it says and thats what it means, we are talking on a shallow level that, unfortunately, many American Christians have fallen in to. If, on the other hand, we mean literal in the sense of
Inspired, literally, by God
then we have another subject to verify. I always ask myself this question about the early church: Of all of the people throughout history who have defined themselves as biblical believers, how many can cut the mustard? You will find, of course, that there is a division into two camps of 1)This is what I interpret the words to mean.
and, 2) We all just know and feel that a common Spiritual meaning is agreed upon.
To a Christian, the second group is "saved" or "enlightened" or perhaps communally imparted with wisdom, whereas the first group is not so easily swayed. My question then, to the first group is this:
I know the common feeling and spiritual awareness that the second group avows to. I want to know where your interpretation derives from?
One final point. Brian, you asked the following question:
What I would like answers to is when did all this change, or were there always groups of Christians who took the Bible literally? Can anyone point out some sources that I could read that would allow me to construct a continuous thread that would support a literal reading of the Bible (Old and New Testament) from as early a time as possible up to the present day, or is this face value reading of the Bible a relatively new idea?
To answer this question, based on my opinion and belief, I would assert that Christian scriptural interpretation, by definition and within a small range of dissent, has always been very similar. For some, the belief which they express was merely gleaned off of another mans interpretation. For others, however...reading the basic manuscripts directly they all came to similar interpretations of meaning. To me, this suggests a sort of divine impartation. After the death, burial and ressurrection of Jesus, I would estimate that many if not most of the people characterized as believers at that time had direct and communally divine impartation. This fervor and zeal diminished steadily over time, yet there always was a remnant of men who had this same divine impartation. Most of them were not Popes and Cardinals. Most of them were probably Monks. It all boils down to common sense and an inner awareness that I have come to trust within myself about reading other people. I can usually tell if someone has a special gift of wisdom which is not mere knowledge and education but which goes deeper and "feels right". Today, as back then, it is not always the big honchos within the church that have this impartation. It is the little lady with blue hair who has a heart of gold and goes to minister at the hospital every Friday night. It is the Christian parent who allows their children to grow up without undue discipline or restriction, yet who falls on his face and prays for their sfety and edification nightly. It is the committed believers...who seek truth by actually reading the Bible with their heart as well as their mind.
[This message has been edited by Phatboy, 02-09-2004]