Are all civilizations doomed to stumble upon the beautifully terrific short-term benefits of fossil fuels before they can become technological enough to know the damage?
Interesting question. On earth, among human cultures, it was the West that intensively used fossil fuels as a cheap source of energy to drive industrialization and develop an economy based on the mass production of consumer goods. And this, in turn, led to incentives to develop ever cheaper methods of production (and newer consumer goods for the market) which has been the primary motivating factor for technological progress. So it is entirely possible that the level technological progress depends on the wide scale utilization of fossil fuels, and that the motivation for technological process will be tied to widescale environmental degradation (through the intensive use of resources and the production of wastes).
On the other hand, even in our culture, the use of fossil fuels may be responsible, not for the amount of technological progress, but the pace at which the progress has been made. Gallileo and Newton were developing the notions of modern science at the very beginnings of industrialization, and the European powers were also beginning to explore the entire globe at this time as well. It is conceivable that steady technological advancement is possible even without the widespread use of fossil fuels.
It would be slower, of course. The necessary research programs would be conducted on a much smaller scale in much fewer locations. Also, without the increase in economic production being the driving factor, the direction of research (and therefor of the progress) might be in a much different direction that what actually occurred on earth.
One problem, though, is that we know very little about exopsychology. Who knows what might have ultimately guided a different intelligent species' culture on earth?
Q: If science doesn't know where this comes from, then couldn't it be God's doing?
A: The only difference between that kind of thinking and the stereotype of the savage who thinks the Great White Hunter is a God because he doesn't know how the hunter's cigarette lighter works is that the savage has an excuse for his ignorance. --
jhuger