The most comprehensive study that I've seen on the web concerning ethnography and philology can be found
here. As far as my own personal beliefs, I believe that Sumerian is likely the progeny of all language, with Akkadian, Sanskrit, Greek, and possibly some defunct languages as the direct offshoots as far as the ancient languages go.
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“It is in vain, O' man, that you seek within yourselves the cure for all your miseries. All your insight has led you to the knowledge that it is not in yourselves that you will discover the true and the good.” -Blaise Pascal