Mutation

That doesn't really matter. The die lands one side up when you roll it, regardless of our ability to read it. Right, because you've given an example with a closed sample space. We know exactly how many sides are on the die, so we have a closed set of possibilities to calculate.Can you tell me how many possible mutations there are? Of course you can't - it's that missing variable that makes the whole thing incalculable. And I've shown you how your conclusion is not a proper deduction from a premise that one organisms stands a very low chance of benefiting from a mutation. Yet, you continue to repeat your erroneous argument without elaboration. That's against the forum guidelines, and moreover, rather annoying.You continue to ignore that repetition makes improbabilities certainties. Why is that? I did, remember?

Ok, so then you won't have any problems answering the following questions about your reasoning:Which observations have you made, and when and where did you make them?You've mentioned both deduction and induction, which of these are you using to arrive at your conclusion? They aren't the same thing, you know.If you're deducing, what were your inital axioms? What logical transformations did you use to derive conclusions from them?If you're inducting, outline your exact inducive step, including the base case and terminal condition.C'mon, M. You've made no observations, and you certainly haven't deduced or inducted anything - you don't even know what those terms mean, or how to do them. The process you followed was "quote from a webpage" and "make a wild guess."You'll pardon us if we think the guess of someone already committed to the outcome - that is, evolution being wrong - isn't worth a damn.

M, if you refuse to address the single largest flaw in your argument - that repetition makes low probabilities certainties - what's the point in talking to you?I know I've told you that at least six times, and proven it with simple examples, but each time you ignore it. Why is that?You have to address that fact, because it disproves your argument. No matter how improbable one fixed, beneficial mutation might be, you're guaranteed to get enough of them in a large enough population over enough time. Why do you refuse to address that? Ignoring me won't make it go away, but it will make me not want to talk to you anymore.