We get a little more guidance from Leviticus, Chapter 11:
13 And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray, 14 And the vulture, and the kite after his kind; 15 Every raven after his kind; 16 And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind, 17 And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl, 18 And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle, 19 And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. 20 All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you.
This passage certainly suggests that, at least by Moses's time, there were more than one Kind of hawk, of raven, of kite, and of heron. Also, Owl appears to be distinct from Little Owl or Great Owl, as are Eagle and Gier Eagle.
Penguins aren't mentioned, but is it possible that they are a Fowl That Creeps, Going Upon All Four? (sounds like reading Winnie the Pooh, doesn't it?) I sure can't think of any other birds that could even get nominated for that Kind/those Kinds - kiwis and ostriches go strictly on All Twos to the best of my knowledge. Auks and puffins, maybe....