2. What do those Christians who do not accept the doctrine of the Fall have as an answer to the problem of the suffering of innocents?
I can only answer for myself; My own musings are philosophical, scientific, and religious ones, intermingled and a bit complicated, and perhaps convoluted. So I'll give a bried answer;
I believe God intended mankind and animals, but that there is a mystery of
the flesh within all lifeforms, which is essentially selfish, (selfish gene, and survival tactics). I believe any
flesh would kill to survive, in a particular circumstance, rendering all flesh guilty. Not God.
Basically, I think God possibly "let" the earth get on with bringing life forth. An individual organism, in some vague manner, can "choose" to survive or die. They chose to survive, some, by killing. Apparently, this would mean a modern organism such as a lion individual, would be a victim of those long-ago choices made by early lifeforms.
Perhaps there is no understanding it from a human perspective. I struggle with it but am not going to pretend to have a nice neat answer, I can only struggle with it. I believe it would be premature to conclude God is then cruel. I don't think that's necessarily the case.