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The problem with postulating this is that so much of this has already been shown to be false i.e. pre-adaptation.
Come on Mammuthus, think outside of the box.
You are right, pre-adaption is bogus as it relates to observations in the lab and field. However, the scenarios I am proposing are what I would propose as falsifying evolution. The main mechanisms of evolution are random mutation and natural selection. I am proposing guided mutations and artificial/non-natural selection, sort of like ID through gene mutation and selection. The required observation for non-random/guided mutation would be the sudden emergence of a beneficial mutation not tied to one common ancestor. Instead, a disproportionate number of organism acquire the same beneficial mutation in the same generation (something like 30% have the same nucleotide insertion at the same genome position). Most would agree that there would seem to be a specific stimuli that caused this DNA change instead of a random mistake missed by DNA repair mechanisms.
For my second scenario (artificial selection) I will use sickle cell anemia as an example. Let's pretend that a population in an area devoid of malaria also contains a disproportionate number of sickle cell heterozygous and homozygous individuals. Also, this population is not a result of a recent migration out of an area with endemic malaria. This would run counter to the idea that sickle cell is a detrimental mutation in a malarial free environment and therefore should be selected against. Now, once the sickle cell allele reaches the same concentration as seen in populations dealing with malaria we see a sudden and rapid invasion of mosquitoe born malaria. This, too me, would be an indication that detrimental alleles were being kept at high concentrations in preparation for a malarial invasion. The only way to keep such high concentrations of the sickle cell allele would be through non-natural selection.
If morphological characteristics also followed similar patterns of non-random mutations and artificial selection then I would say that evolution as a mechanism guided by chance and natural selection has been falsified.
Relating to the mechanisms of heredity, these would stay the same. You would recieve a mixture of your parents DNA and some mutations that neither of them have. However, that mixture may involve statistically improbable combinations of alleles in a non-Mendelian fashion (homozygous recessives occur more often than the dominant phenotype). Also, you may share the same mutation with a large portion of your generation.
And again, all of this flies in the face of observation, but just trying to show how heredity can be right while evolution is wrong.