Register | Sign In


Understanding through Discussion


EvC Forum active members: 65 (9164 total)
4 online now:
Newest Member: ChatGPT
Post Volume: Total: 916,911 Year: 4,168/9,624 Month: 1,039/974 Week: 366/286 Day: 9/13 Hour: 1/1


Thread  Details

Email This Thread
Newer Topic | Older Topic
  
Author Topic:   What IS Science And What IS NOT Science?
Admin
Director
Posts: 13045
From: EvC Forum
Joined: 06-14-2002
Member Rating: 2.6


Message 106 of 304 (356799)
10-15-2006 11:58 PM


Clarifying Peer Review
Most scientific journals and conferences put contributions through a formal process called peer review. It ensures that quality will be maintained by weeding out inferior papers and presentations.
But the peer review process of journals and conferences is not the end of peer review. The process of printing and/or presenting a paper puts it before the larger peer community. Now that the idea is at play in the world of ideas it goes through another level of peer review, one that is much broader and much less formal. This is where the value of an idea is assessed, informally measured by it's influence among the relevant peer community, and more formally as measured by the number of citations it receives in future papers.
For clarity it might be helpful if someone can come up with a different term for the more informal part of peer review. If we find a good term then we can use it to refer to review by the larger peer community, while peer review can just apply to the formal process used by journals and conferences.
But whether or not we find unique term, it is important to understand how essential it is for scientists to put their ideas before the larger relevant peer community so that the results can be studied and replicated. Results that are never revealed can never be tested and replicated, and replication is a key quality of science.
Some have argued that the definition of science is in some way vague or ambiguous, or at least have left that impression. Those who truly feel this way have to at least explain how it could ever be decided what is valid science if the definition is uncertain. All definitions fight with boundary conditions where uncertainty reigns, it is the nature of the real world, but it is wrong to conclude upon this basis that a definition is therefore vague, for if this were the case then there would be no such thing as a clear definition, and uncertainty would reign in all fields everywhere.
As an example, are people researching the anthropic principle doing science? I'm not sure myself, and I think some would say yes and some would say no. But the fact that the definition of science provides no unambiguous answer for this area of research does not mean that the definition is vague or uncertain. It isn't.

--Percy
EvC Forum Director

nwr
Member
Posts: 6412
From: Geneva, Illinois
Joined: 08-08-2005
Member Rating: 4.9


Message 107 of 304 (356800)
10-16-2006 12:27 AM
Reply to: Message 103 by Buzsaw
10-15-2006 8:26 PM


Re: Defining science is difficult
Whether you agree or not about standardizing the meaning, I don't see it as a good thing that there is so much disagreement as to what it is.
There is actually pretty strong agreement.
It is difficult to define science, and there is disagreement over what should be the definition. But when it comes to any particular activity, there is broad agreement as to whether that particular activity is science or not.
I see peer review as one of the things some scientists do and not necessarily part of what science is or is not.
I agree that it is possible to do science without peer review. However, if you want the results of your science to be widely accepted, that will take peer review. Scientists are, by nature, rather skeptical folk. They won't take your word for it. They will want to either see the evidence themselves, or to see that the evidence has been carefully scrutinized by other investigators.
Peer review in science isn't that much different from what we expect in other aspects of life. We don't just take an accusation in our criminal justice system. We expect evidence, and we expect the evidence to be reviewed by a jury. We don't just hire a new employee on his word, we ask for references and we may then give a probationary appointment so that he/she can prove his abilities.
The peer review system in science is the quality control system used by science. And nobody claims it is perfect. It can happen that peer review will reject good science, and it can happen that some bad science will make it through peer review. But, overall, it is an effective system of quality control.
I see the need to point out that in my title the question is about what is not science as well as what is. What inspired this thread was the claims of some that IDist creo (abe: scientists) are not doing science.
I have posted elsewhere (in Message 6) on what ID proponents would have to do, if they want their study to be considered science.

Compassionate conservatism - bringing you a kinder, gentler torture chamber

This message is a reply to:
 Message 103 by Buzsaw, posted 10-15-2006 8:26 PM Buzsaw has not replied

Hyroglyphx
Inactive Member


Message 108 of 304 (356802)
10-16-2006 1:20 AM
Reply to: Message 102 by RAZD
10-15-2006 8:06 PM


Re: The science of Science
Religion and dogma are obviously on the ideology camp, with fixed monographic views, only changing when forced
Ideological viewpoints sometimes corrupt the integrity of any scientific or sociological endeavor. Sometimes this happens. Science needs to be reminded that it must leave out presuppositions and personal beliefs at the door. This kind of bias should be avoided at all costs.
As for religous dogma, its unquestionable that religious views have corrupted the integrity of certain scientific tests. But 'dogma' need not only apply to the religious. One only has to look at Richard Dawkins to see that dogma is present in not only religious views, but alsoi in secular studies. The prevailing theory of macroevolution is held just as dogmatically as they charge with proponents of ID. That's why its up to the tests themselves to prove their predictions true without any added dogma involved.
We should remember that dogma is a system of beliefs that can't be subject to scientific scrutiny or refutation without some facts supporting the asserion. Fact is soley dependent upon observations that can be repeated with a predictable outcome.
When you look at exploration, though, there is also the range of fantasy, everything you could possibly consider happening.
Possible considerations and variables should be introduced and should be examined. So in that way, fantasy is well within the boundaries of reason. However, some fantasies have been hailed as some sort of unassailable fact, and its important that they be examined prior to their accreditation of "empirical science."
Ideology: I'm only going down this road if it leads to {X}.
Exploration: Let's go down this road and see where it goes.
Nothing wrong with that.
The question is determining what is {real} and what is {possible} and what is {fantasy} eh?
Fair enough.
Ah yes, undefineded parameters with no established metric to measure the degree of "complexity" and that rely on a lack of knowledge of existing systems to exist ... ... yeah, THAT's scientific.
Science is only equipped to answer question about the physical world. But what we see is the exclusion of anything beyond that, as its immediately ruled out of bounds as an a priori. That's hardly objective science. That' like trying to figure out the theorum of 2 + 2, only to exclude the number 4 as a consideration.
Some criticism of creation science could reasonably be viewed with suspicion, but ID doesn't fall in that category. And indeed, the only real difference between ID and macroevolutionary biology is purpose and non-purpose. Proponents of ID feel that an irreducible complexity exists in nature and that its apparent, whereas those of a more secular persuasion believe that everything that happens, happens by some inexplicable reason due to some unforseen fortuitous anamoly.
It may very well be a little of both. Why rule either of them out if we're going to be as objective as possible?
This is not the place to discuss IC, but you do realize that "Irreducible Complexity" has been invalidated as a concept that shows that evolution could not have occurred, don't you? That makes it 100% falsified.
I agree that going into great detail on the subject would be OT, but briefly explain your deductive process?
When it comes to science, it doesn't matter how much evidence there is FOR a concept - as long as there is one (1) piece of evidence that invalidates it, then it is falsified. Dead. Caput.
Agreed. And that's what "Darwin's Wager" is all about.
Prove? Care to test that? Start a new thread so that this one is not derailed eh?
If you're suggesting that macroevolution is incapable of being falsified because peoiple can make up countless and erroneous rules to keep it propped up (see: Punk Eek), then it isn't falsifiable which pro-evolution groups claim for ID. So which is it?
And if they are relatively equal then the parsimony principal means we take the simplest one.
Unfortunately, the law of parsimony for something of this magnitude is difficult to quantify without some sort of filter-- which is why Dembsk's filter has made quite a stir within the scientific community.
Observation and Evidence: Life changes over time.
Hypothesis {1}: Mutation causes change in a random pattern, natural selection means fitness tested changes propagate.
Hypothesis {2}: Some Supernatural Agent manipulates life to change along designed paths.
How about a third hypothesis?
Hypothesis (3): A Higher Intelligence is responsible for a diverse range of life and the laws that bind physics. However, mutation and selection works not on a linear course, but randomly, but it is still inviolate of supplanting those laws.
Prediction {1a}: Mutation will be observed, some beneficial and some lethal and many in between, and
Prediction {1b}: Natural Selection will be observed - the lethal mutations and less advantageous ones will be eliminated or vastly reduced within the overall population while the beneficial and neutral ones will propagate in proportion to their benefit to the individuals involved.
That's a fine prediction for a microadaptative process, and one that has stood up to scrutiny. It should also be abundantly clear that if if these microevolutionary advance were simply an extrapolation or magnification of a microadaptive process. And in 150 + years of dedicating searching, that question is still unanswered.
Though your review was doubtfully meant to be technical, it was too simplified to answer any real questions about the pressures of selection or effects of genetic mutations. The way it seems to me, the matrix of probability for certain biological features with a limited number of variables to explore, make complex biological systems unlikely to appear under the conditions of either haphazard mutation or selection. Its purely within the realm of theoretical biology. Yet, it is considered, "science." Its outside of observation. That's the first disparity I see.
The selection hypothesis does not adequately explain the evolution of certain critical features that are not functional without all its parts in place since the inception. I've heard a myriad of pleas to exonerate or to get around this conundrum, but its still present. Nor does it explain the development of advanced features before the need has arisen, such as why a reptile would ever find the selective pressure to evolve proto-wings. In other words, what was the mechanism that prompted this feature far in advance of any concievable relevance to its survival-- and how did it did not hinder the animal instead of enhance its survivability as it and its progenitors were going through these biological changes?
So, how is it more scientific to follow an imagined evidentiary line-- a path that has yet to bear any real fruit?

"There is not in all America a more dangerous trait than the deification of mere smartness unaccompanied by any sense of moral responsibility." -Theodore Roosevelt

This message is a reply to:
 Message 102 by RAZD, posted 10-15-2006 8:06 PM RAZD has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 109 by nwr, posted 10-16-2006 1:37 AM Hyroglyphx has not replied
 Message 114 by nator, posted 10-16-2006 8:02 AM Hyroglyphx has replied
 Message 146 by RAZD, posted 10-17-2006 9:35 PM Hyroglyphx has not replied

nwr
Member
Posts: 6412
From: Geneva, Illinois
Joined: 08-08-2005
Member Rating: 4.9


Message 109 of 304 (356803)
10-16-2006 1:37 AM
Reply to: Message 108 by Hyroglyphx
10-16-2006 1:20 AM


Re: The science of Science
Science is only equipped to answer question about the physical world. But what we see is the exclusion of anything beyond that, as its immediately ruled out of bounds as an a priori. That's hardly objective science.
Wow! You sure have that wrong.
Science is only equipped to answer questions about the physical world. Therefore it must exclude anything beyond that. Ruling something out just means it is not part of science. It need not imply that it is false. Objectivity in science requires that science rule out that which science is not equipped to study.

Compassionate conservatism - bringing you a kinder, gentler torture chamber

This message is a reply to:
 Message 108 by Hyroglyphx, posted 10-16-2006 1:20 AM Hyroglyphx has not replied

RickJB
Member (Idle past 5020 days)
Posts: 917
From: London, UK
Joined: 04-14-2006


Message 110 of 304 (356808)
10-16-2006 4:35 AM
Reply to: Message 95 by iano
10-15-2006 8:26 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
Iano writes:
Give me the Bible anyday
Oh really? So tell me what does the Bible say about manned flight and aerodynamics, medcine, engineering, chemistry, electronics, astromony etc?
Science based on observation and experiment can do all of these things. Your beliefs can't. It's as simple as that.
Like many folk of faith you seem utterly oblivious to the extent to which science surrounds you and shapes your world.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 95 by iano, posted 10-15-2006 8:26 AM iano has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 111 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 5:45 AM RickJB has replied

iano
Member (Idle past 1970 days)
Posts: 6165
From: Co. Wicklow, Ireland.
Joined: 07-27-2005


Message 111 of 304 (356810)
10-16-2006 5:45 AM
Reply to: Message 110 by RickJB
10-16-2006 4:35 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
Like many folk of faith you seem utterly oblivious to the extent to which science surrounds you and shapes your world.
I'm a mechanical engineer Rick. I am more aware than most as to how science surrounds and shapes the world. It is, however, a worldview about science which says that all and every belief must be subject to the findings of science. It is not scientific to say such things - that is philosophy.
You (and many others) seem not to be able to discern the difference. And when it is scientists who hold to such things one has a very good reason to doubt their findings.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 110 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 4:35 AM RickJB has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 112 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 6:36 AM iano has replied

RickJB
Member (Idle past 5020 days)
Posts: 917
From: London, UK
Joined: 04-14-2006


Message 112 of 304 (356813)
10-16-2006 6:36 AM
Reply to: Message 111 by iano
10-16-2006 5:45 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
You didn't answer the real thrust of the question, Iano.
What does the Bible have to say about science and technology? Almost nothing.
Empirical science clearly works, no matter what your personal beliefs are. Money talks, bullshit walks...

This message is a reply to:
 Message 111 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 5:45 AM iano has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 113 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 7:51 AM RickJB has replied

iano
Member (Idle past 1970 days)
Posts: 6165
From: Co. Wicklow, Ireland.
Joined: 07-27-2005


Message 113 of 304 (356818)
10-16-2006 7:51 AM
Reply to: Message 112 by RickJB
10-16-2006 6:36 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
You didn't answer the real thrust of the question, Iano.
What does the Bible have to say about science and technology? Almost nothing.
I know it doesn't say anything about science. We are left to decide: "the Bible says this and science says that - which will I trust?" If the Bible says that men, in the not too distant past, lived to 800 years old then men lived to 800 years old. That this is scientifically impossible is neither here nor there if one has plumped for the Bible over science.
Empirical science clearly works, no matter what your personal beliefs are. Money talks, bullshit walks...
I have no problem with science so long as it doesn't seek to speak in absolute terms about things it cannot speak absoutely on. Science is a journey Rick - not a destination. Do have the humility to project forward 500 years (assuming we last that long) and suppose people smiling at some of the conclusions some folk take today as nigh-on fact. That's happened before - it will happen again. Thats the nature of things scientific.
You seem to me to be trying to establish "tentitiveness within boundaries". However "there are no boundaries that cannot be usurped by further knowledge" - according to the people who say that any and all beliefs must remain open to being cast aside. They should take their own advice.
Edited by iano, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 112 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 6:36 AM RickJB has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 115 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 8:02 AM iano has replied

nator
Member (Idle past 2199 days)
Posts: 12961
From: Ann Arbor
Joined: 12-09-2001


Message 114 of 304 (356821)
10-16-2006 8:02 AM
Reply to: Message 108 by Hyroglyphx
10-16-2006 1:20 AM


Re: The science of Science
quote:
But 'dogma' need not only apply to the religious. One only has to look at Richard Dawkins to see that dogma is present in not only religious views, but alsoi in secular studies.
Are you referring to Dawkins' popular press books?
If so, then you must be reminded that they are NOT science. They are Dawkins' science-based ideas and philosophical musings.
I made it through Intro to Biology 101, Mammalian Anatomy and Physiology I and II, about 8 specialized Equine-based biology/physiology classes, and even a course called The Nature of Scientific Inquiry without once having Dawkins' name mentioned.
If he was so central to the teaching of secular science as you seem to imply, why would this be the case?
quote:
The prevailing theory of macroevolution is held just as dogmatically as they charge with proponents of ID.
That is completely false.
The prevailing theory, The Modern Synthesis, is accepted by scientists because it is very strongly supported because by enormous quantities of evidence from dozens of disperate fields, has repeatedly survived many tests, and makes accurate predictions.
Tell me, do you think that the Theory of a Heliocentric Solar System is held simply by dogma, or is it because all the evidence simply screams that it is accurate, and that it would be peverse to not accept it as such?
Edited by schrafinator, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 108 by Hyroglyphx, posted 10-16-2006 1:20 AM Hyroglyphx has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 123 by Hyroglyphx, posted 10-16-2006 11:55 AM nator has replied
 Message 147 by RAZD, posted 10-17-2006 9:42 PM nator has not replied

RickJB
Member (Idle past 5020 days)
Posts: 917
From: London, UK
Joined: 04-14-2006


Message 115 of 304 (356822)
10-16-2006 8:02 AM
Reply to: Message 113 by iano
10-16-2006 7:51 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
Iano writes:
You seem to me to be trying to establish "tentitiveness within boundaries". However "there are no boundaries that cannot be usurped by further knowledge" - according to the people who say that any and all beliefs must remain open to being cast aside. They should take their own advice.
Not at all. I fully accept that what is currently known will be improved/discarded by further knowledge.
Do have the humility to project forward 500 years (assuming we last that long) and suppose people smiling at some of the conclusions some folk take today as nigh-on fact.
Some of the conclusions for sure. Not all.
My point is that the only way we will gain futher knowledge is from further empirical/experimental investigation. The Bible offers nothing as an alternative. Nothing.
Edited by RickJB, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 113 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 7:51 AM iano has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 116 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 8:43 AM RickJB has replied

iano
Member (Idle past 1970 days)
Posts: 6165
From: Co. Wicklow, Ireland.
Joined: 07-27-2005


Message 116 of 304 (356827)
10-16-2006 8:43 AM
Reply to: Message 115 by RickJB
10-16-2006 8:02 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
Not at all. I fully accept that what is currently known will be improved/discarded by further knowledge.
Good.
Some of the conclusions for sure. Not all.
ToE thrown out? Possible?
My point is that the only way we will gain futher knowledge is from further empirical/experimental investigation. The Bible offers nothing as an alternative. Nothing.
Its not supposed to. It tells us some things that happened. How they happened is open to scientific investigation (if one is coming from the angle that the Bible is to be relied upon that is). This is a different approach to the "any and all beliefs are open to dismissal" which stems fom Enlightenment-inspired philosophers of science.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 115 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 8:02 AM RickJB has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 117 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 8:57 AM iano has replied
 Message 118 by nwr, posted 10-16-2006 9:03 AM iano has not replied
 Message 120 by ramoss, posted 10-16-2006 9:45 AM iano has not replied

RickJB
Member (Idle past 5020 days)
Posts: 917
From: London, UK
Joined: 04-14-2006


Message 117 of 304 (356830)
10-16-2006 8:57 AM
Reply to: Message 116 by iano
10-16-2006 8:43 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
Iano writes:
ToE thrown out? Possible?
As a mechanism? Yes, it's possible. But it would have to be replaced by new observations that more successfully explain the evidence of change we see around us, NOT by what is written in the Bible or any other religious text.
Iano writes:
[The Bible] tells us some things that happened. How they happened is open to scientific investigation.
Scientific investigation shows that they are myths.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 116 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 8:43 AM iano has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 119 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 9:11 AM RickJB has replied

nwr
Member
Posts: 6412
From: Geneva, Illinois
Joined: 08-08-2005
Member Rating: 4.9


Message 118 of 304 (356831)
10-16-2006 9:03 AM
Reply to: Message 116 by iano
10-16-2006 8:43 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
ToE thrown out? Possible?
It is likely that it will be changed from its current form. It is unlikely that it will be completely thrown out. There is too much supporting evidence.
Even if ToE is thrown out, it won't help creationism. There is no doubt that Noah's flood and the Adam and Eve story are just stories, and are not reports of actual events. Science might change its theories, but it cannot change the evidence.

Compassionate conservatism - bringing you a kinder, gentler torture chamber

This message is a reply to:
 Message 116 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 8:43 AM iano has not replied

iano
Member (Idle past 1970 days)
Posts: 6165
From: Co. Wicklow, Ireland.
Joined: 07-27-2005


Message 119 of 304 (356832)
10-16-2006 9:11 AM
Reply to: Message 117 by RickJB
10-16-2006 8:57 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
As a mechanism? Yes, it's possible. But it would have to be replaced by new observations that more successfully explain the evidence of change we see around us, NOT by what is written in the Bible or any other religious text.
What new information will come so as to change the landscape we do not know yet. There may come a time when the theory and the Bible align more closely than they do today. Not that science then would be saying anything more definitive than it does today - although I am sure Bible adherants then will mistakenly claim 'fact' with the same enthusiasm as do ToE-ist do now.
Scientific investigation shows that they are myths.
I don't see the word 'tentitive' in there anywhere. Why is this?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 117 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 8:57 AM RickJB has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 121 by NosyNed, posted 10-16-2006 9:48 AM iano has not replied
 Message 122 by RickJB, posted 10-16-2006 11:32 AM iano has not replied

ramoss
Member (Idle past 642 days)
Posts: 3228
Joined: 08-11-2004


Message 120 of 304 (356836)
10-16-2006 9:45 AM
Reply to: Message 116 by iano
10-16-2006 8:43 AM


Re: Is what science is a philosophy about what science is?
Science has shown that some, if not a lot, of what has been claimed in the bible is exageration, allegory, or 'just so stories'. The claim that Genesis is literal has been falsified. The claim that there was a 'world wide' flood has been falsified. The concept that there was local floods that were big enough to have the locals think it was 'world wide' has tentatively been confirmed. The idea that 2 million people wandered about the Sinia for 40 years has been falsified (although much smaller numbers and migrations might be feasible).

This message is a reply to:
 Message 116 by iano, posted 10-16-2006 8:43 AM iano has not replied

Newer Topic | Older Topic
Jump to:


Copyright 2001-2023 by EvC Forum, All Rights Reserved

™ Version 4.2
Innovative software from Qwixotic © 2024