Your
first reference claims that the current concentration of sodium in the oceans, when accounting for the input sources and output sources, requires the earth to be younger than 4.5 billion years.
I did a quick calculation using general numbers of:
a. 300 cubic miles of water in the oceans
b. 35.6 X 10^10 Kg of sodium input (low total estimate from their input sources table table)
c. 20.6 X 10^10 Kg of sodium output (high total estimate from their output sources table)
This resulted in a sodium concentration change of
1. .12 micrograms/liter each year. or
2. .094 ppt per year.
(abe)3. 5.2 X 10^(-9) mole/Kg per year
Are concentration changes this small even measurable?
If so, is the oceans' sodium concentration increasing.
Caveat: I realize that the ion concentrations within the oceans is variable based on location and changes in erosion from year to year. So concentration changes this small may not be measurable each year. However, if decades of measurements have been taken, there should be a trend if the yearly input is nearly always greater than the output.
Edited by LinearAq, : Add another conc. change value
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