Are these diatoms, by any chance?
Sometimes - more usually coccolithophores or other calcium carbonate-shelled organisms.
Also, are we certain that the Mississippi Delta sediments are upon this kilometer of abyssal sediments of fine materials and shelled organisms?
I don't know what's immediately underneath the Delta, and I don't even know if it's ever been drilled that deep. There are salt deposits, indicating shallow seas, way down there along lots of the Gulf coast, though. Bill Birkeland, are you around?
Do we know what is under the kilometer of fine sediments?
In the Atlantic, it's basalt that was erupted at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It has "stripes" of remanent magnetism in that basalt that show that it was emplaced over tens of millions of years.