Don' be mad at me now. I just can't see how both things can be true at the same time. So science wants some pretty tall tales to be true.
No one should get mad at any one who has trouble with some of the things we have learned in modern cosmology and physics. They are extraordinarily difficult to wrap your head around. On top of that it seems to keep getting worse and worse.
However, that doesn't make them wrong. And arguing that something isn't right because you find it incredible isn't a scientific arguement of any kind.
There is rather a lot of evidence for the current ideas about the nature of our universe. It is also very clear that we don't know everything yet.
As far as the two issues of a man surviving in a whale and the universe being smaller than that; they are of completely different natures. We know a lot about both whales and men and what we know excludes this as a likely occurance. We also know some things about physics and the universe we see and what we know suggests that the universe was, in fact, much, much, much smaller 13.7 billion years ago. The things we know about all these different things allow us to see the difference between whales and universes.