Thanks for the citation.
Someone else had a link to a page that had some of the images from the paper, but I'll try to post all of them here. Some of the ones not posted on that website are pretty compelling even to a layman. Some of the images jump right out at you screaming "I'm a cell!"
Comparison of T. rex objects (left) with ostrich cells (right).
Caption.Fig. 4. Cellular features associated with T. rex and ostrich tissues. (A) Fragment of demineralized cortical bone from T. rex, showing parallel-oriented fibers and cell-like microstructures among the fibers. The inset is a higher magnification of one of the microstructures seen embedded in the fibrous material. (B) Demineralized and stained (3) ostrich cortical bone, showing fibrillar, parallel-oriented collagen matrix with osteocytes embedded among the fibers. The inset shows a higher magnification of one of the osteocytes. Both inset views show elongate bodies with multiple projections arising from the external surface consistent with filipodia. (C) Isolated microstructure from T. rex after fixation. In addition to the multiple filipodial-like projections, internal contents can be seen. The inset shows a second structure with long filipodia and an internal transparent nucleus-like structure. (D) Fixed ostrich osteocyte; inset, ostrich osteocyte fixed and stained for better visualization. Internal contents are discernible, and filipodia can be seen extending in multiple planes from the cell surface. (E and F) SEM images of aldehyde-fixed (3) microstructures isolated from T. rex cortical bone tissues. Scale bars in (A) and (B), 50 m; in (C) and (D), 20 m; in (E), 10 m; in (F), 1 m.
Caption.Fig. 3. SEM images of aldehyde-fixed vessels. (A) Isolated vessel from T. rex. (B) Vesselisolated from extant ostrich after demineralization and collagenase digestion (3). (C) Vesselfrom T. rex, showing internal contents and hollow character. (D) Exploded T. rex vessel showing small round microstructures partially embedded in internal vessel walls. (E) Highermagnification of a portion of T. rex vessel wall, showing hypothesized endothelial nuclei (EN). (F) Similar structures visible on fixed ostrich vessel. Striations are seen in both (E) and (F) that may represent endothelial cell junctions or alternatively may be artifacts of the fixation/dehydration process. Scale bars in (A) and (B), 40 m; in (C) and (D), 10 m; in (E) and (F), 1 m.
Caption.Fig. 2. Demineralization of cortical bone reveals the presence of soft-tissue structures. (A) Partial demineralization of a fragment of T. rex cortical bone shows an emerging network of vascular canals, some of which are bifurcated (arrows). All are aligned in parallel, consistent with Haversian canals in cortical bone. Small fenestrae (marked F) may indicate invaginations for communicating Volkmann's canals. (B) A second fragment of T. rex cortical bone illustrates transparent vessels (arrows) arising from bone matrix in solution. (C) Complete demineralization reveals transparent flexible vessels in what remains of the cortical bone matrix, represented by a brown amorphous substance (marked M). (D) Ostrich vessel after demineralization of cortical bone and subsequent digestion of fibrous collagenous matrix. Transparent vessels branch and remain associated with small regions of undigested bone matrix, seen here as amorphous, white fibrous material (marked M). Scale bars in (A) to (D), 0.5 mm. (E) Higher magnification of dinosaur vessels shows branching pattern (arrows) and internal contents. Vascular structure is not consistent with fungal hyphae (no septae, and branching pattern is not consistent with fungal morphology) or plant (no cell walls visible, and again branching pattern is not consistent). Round red microstructures within the vessels are clearly visible. (F) T. rex vessel fragment, containing microstructures consistent in size and shape with those seen in the ostrich vessel in (H). (G) Second fragment of dinosaur vessel. Air/fluid interfaces, represented by dark menisci, illustrate the hollow nature of vessels. Microstructure is visible within the vessel. (H) Ostrich vessel digested from demineralized cortical bone. Red blood cells can be seen inside the branching vessel. (I) T. rex vessel fragment showing detail of branching pattern and structures morphologically consistent with endothelial cell nuclei (arrows) in vessel wall. (J) Ostrich blood vessel liberated from demineralized bone after treatment with collagenase shows branching pattern and clearly visible endothelial nuclei. Scale bars in (E) to (J), 50 m. (F), (I), and (J) were subjected to aldehyde fixation (3). The remaining vessels are unfixed.
Caption.Fig. 1. Demineralized fragments of endosteally derived tissues lining the marrow cavity of the T. rex femur. (A) The demineralized fragment is flexible and resilient and, when stretched (arrow), returns to its original shape. (B) Demineralized bone in (A) after air drying. The overall structural and functional characteristics remain after dehydration. (C) Regions of demineralized bone show fibrous character (arrows). Scale bars, 0.5 mm.
The suplemental info is in PDF format, but it has some really nice images also, as well as more supporting data.
edit: pdf's of
The Article and
Supplemental
This message has been edited by gnojek, 03-25-2005 06:06 PM