To expand on Andya's Result 2, lets look at those fossils:
Ardipithecus ramidusApprox. 4.5 mya
Proposed ancestor of hominids and chimpanzee
Lived in well forested regions
More chimpanzee like features
Australopithecus anamensisApprox. 4 mya
Characteristics of tibia suggest bipedalism
Humorous quite human like though jaws were primitive
Australopithecus afarensis4 to 2.7 mya
Characteristics of pelvis suggest bipedalism
Species includes 3.2 myo fossil "Lucy"
Large teeth and chewing muscles
Australopithecus africanus2 to 3 mya
Herbivorous, eating tough plant material
Jaw now like that of a human
Slightly larger brain than A.aferensis but still not advanced enough for speech
Australopithecus robustus2 to 1.5 mya
Large robust skull
Flat face with little/no forehead
Sagittal crest for jaw muscle attachment
Larger teeth, well adapted to chewing
No indication of speech capability
Homo habilis2.2 to 1.6 mya
Simple handmade stone tools found with fossils
First hominid to migrate out of Africa
Brain size much enlarged, particularly near end of species life span
Some evidence of speech development
Homo erectus1.8 mya to 250,000 ya
Taller with a larger brain capacity
Gradual spread out of Africa
More refined tools
Used fire and lived in caves or huts
Enlarged nose
Definitely speech present
Sturdier and stronger than the modern human with massive jaws and huge molars
Homo sapiens (archaic)200,000 to 500,000 ya
Link between
H.erectus and
H. sapiens sapiensSmaller facial features and molars
Features intermediate between two species
Homo sapiens neandertalensis200,000 to 30,000 ya
Present in Europe and Middle East
Coexisted with
H. sapiens archaic and
H. sapiens sapiensLonger face and a larger brain size
Large jaw and receding forehead
Heavy skeleton for large muscles. Much stronger than modern man
Ceremonial burials
Homo sapiens sapiens120,000 ya before appearance outside Africa untill present
Average brain size
Features = modern man
So, we have
Homo erectus fossils dated at 1.8 mya to 250,000 ya. They used tools and lived in caves or huts. No
Homo sapiens have yet to be found further back than 130,000 ya.
Corrections welcomed.