There is no fundamental difference between white people and black people.
You do know that, right?
I've been following the debate for a while, and I think that a real example of a specific instance might assist here.
With reference to the discussion about the SATs, my mother ran a school several years ago over here in the UK. It was an inner city school, and as a result of the local demographics, approximately 95% of the pupils were of Asian ethnic origin (principally Pakistani, but other Asian origin communities too).
Birmingham ran a school quiz competition each year. Not quite the same thing as the SATs, obviously, but in the ball park. Schools chose teams of 4 of their best and brightest, and entered them for heats and eventually a big finals day (if I recall the format correctly).
My mother's school team consisted of 4 Asian origin children, and they did really well and reached the finals event. They were up against a number of other schools, where the majority of children were of white origin, which is understandable, reflecting the demographic mix of the city more widely.
When they got knocked out, by a narrow margin, the quiz questions included a section based on nursery rhymes. ("What did the farmer's wife use to cut off the tails of the three blind mice ?" - that sort of thing). My mother's school children didn't score a single point in that round. Not because they were unintelligent, or lacked reasonable general knowledge - but because culturally they had been read different nursery rhymes and stories when they were little.
Now there was clearly no intent to favour white children with the questions - when my mother raised it with the organisers, they were mortified. But this is a real example of how, when setting a test, which you are hoping will allow the kids to perform entirely according to their intelligence, the examiners can still introduce an element of cultural bias, however unconsciously.
That section of questions favoured kids from a white background, regardless of their relative intelligence. Would you agree Jon ?
Could there be any greater conceit, than for someone to believe that the universe has to be simple enough for them to be able to understand it ?