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Author Topic:   Why only one Grand Canyon
SonClad
Inactive Member


Message 81 of 85 (196954)
04-05-2005 1:40 PM
Reply to: Message 80 by JonF
04-05-2005 9:51 AM


Re: SonClad: Here's your place for Grand Canyon talk
Erosion during St. Helens:
Prior to the eruption of August 7, we drove vertical rows of 16-cm-long iron nails flush with the bedrock (breccia) wall in the stairsteps as high as 10 m above the floor. After passage of pyroclastic flows, the upper part of the stairsteps showed erosion of 4 cm or more, irrespective of height above the floor; thus, erosion was not confined to low parts of the stair steps. All nails from the stations near the base of the stair steps were removed by the flow and the configuration of the channel differed from that before the eruption. The parts of other channels low on the volcano flank also are deeper and wider with respect to the pre-May 18 stream valleys than those parts higher on the flank. Erosion was greatest where the pyroclastic flows traveled at their greatest speed near the base of the steep flank; there the flows abraded and scoured most parts of the bedrock channel to depths measured in meters. Furthermore, preliminary topographic contours suggest that pyroclastic flows of May 18 may have gouged out the base of the stair steps more than 35 m below the pre-May 18 surface. During the eruption of October 16-18, the walls of the stair steps were further modified by local removal of more than several meters of bedrock. For example, a nearly vertical, 10-m-high bedrock (breccia) cliff between the second and third step down from the top of the stairsteps became a gently sloping, 3-m-wide gully.
(Mount St. Helens in 1980, by the USGS )
If that isn’t persuasive evidence of the canyon-forming, rock-cutting power at St. Helens, consider the erosion during 1993 Midwest Floods:
Coralville Lake, named for the nearby town which was in turn titled for the area's fossil coral formations (Figure 3), was subjected to the historic floods of 1993 which devastated Iowa and the adjacent midwestern states. Water began to overflow the concrete emergency spillway on 5 July 1993 and continued for a period of 28 days. A maximum estimated flow rate of 17,000 cfs was reached on 24 July following closure of the normal outlet gates for seven hours due to downstream flooding of the Iowa River (Rogers, 1993). The water level in the lake at this time was 4.5 ft higher than the top of the spillway.
Figure 4 provides a view of the resultant erosion damage below the spillway, with the concrete spillway itself visible in the background. A 15-foot channel was eroded into the underlying bedrock (Anon., 1993), exposing the Devonian limestone which in evolutionary time is said to be some 375 million years old.
See photos:
here
Long link edited by AdminJar. Please use peek mode to see how it was done. In the future, try to avoid long links. Thanks.
This message has been edited by AdminJar, 04-05-2005 03:46 PM

This message is a reply to:
 Message 80 by JonF, posted 04-05-2005 9:51 AM JonF has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 82 by Chiroptera, posted 04-05-2005 1:51 PM SonClad has not replied
 Message 83 by JonF, posted 04-05-2005 2:41 PM SonClad has not replied

  
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