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Author Topic:   Spotting Beretta's "designer" {Now only 1 summation message per member}
RickJB
Member (Idle past 5020 days)
Posts: 917
From: London, UK
Joined: 04-14-2006


Message 61 of 315 (475215)
07-14-2008 6:58 AM
Reply to: Message 59 by Beretta
07-14-2008 6:01 AM


Re: Initial questions...
Beretta writes:
What I am asking is - what about the possibility that that is not true and that a designer is required to put together an extremely intricate living being with intricately connected functions and parts that need to work together on a macro as well as a micro level...
Then you need to show either a design or a designer. Picking at the ToE does not automatically support your position.
Beretta writes:
Who the creative intelligence is should not even be a part of science -it is more of a theological argument and science is not actually equipped to deal with it.
Heh, that's a complete fudge, Beretta. You're blaming science for the fact you have no evidence of a creator! Science is, or course, not equipped to deal with superstition - it deals with what is observable. However, the identification of who did the design should certainly belong in ID "science" in the same way as water is identified as a major cause of erosion in Geology.
Edited by RickJB, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 59 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 6:01 AM Beretta has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 78 by Beretta, posted 07-16-2008 9:44 AM RickJB has replied

Coragyps
Member (Idle past 764 days)
Posts: 5553
From: Snyder, Texas, USA
Joined: 11-12-2002


Message 62 of 315 (475216)
07-14-2008 7:42 AM
Reply to: Message 59 by Beretta
07-14-2008 6:01 AM


Re: Initial questions...
What is it that tells us that something is designed rather than just fallen into place from following the laws of nature?
You tell us. And be sure to include Mr Pollock's work in your answer.

"The wretched world lies now under the tyranny of foolishness; things are believed by Christians of such absurdity as no one ever could aforetime induce the heathen to believe." - Agobard of Lyons, ca. 830 AD

This message is a reply to:
 Message 59 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 6:01 AM Beretta has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 64 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 8:43 AM Coragyps has replied

Beretta
Member (Idle past 5627 days)
Posts: 422
From: South Africa
Joined: 10-29-2007


Message 63 of 315 (475219)
07-14-2008 8:10 AM
Reply to: Message 56 by RickJB
07-13-2008 11:53 AM


Design vs Evolution
We have still to establish what constitutes "design".
Well design seems to be something that requires intelligence to produce it.It can't have a repetitive formula otherwise it could have been produced due to a natural law.
For example if Macbeth had to be converted into a formula, the formula would be as long as the play - there's no simple reduction formula possible.
Also something created by intelligence is not determined by the physical properties that it is composed of.For example the words on a scrabble game. If you mess the words up, you have destroyed the information but not the carrier of the information because the information component, the words, are not dependant apon the plastic or whatever the board and letters are made up of.The same with Macbeth -if you burn all the paper and ink that carries the play Macbeth, you still haven't destroyed the information component, just the physical carrier of the information.
How did the information component of DNA come together -the information that tells the cell what proteins to make; how do the proteins know which 3d shape to fold into in order to do their job.This information is not a component of the physical properties of the DNA but is carried by the arrangment of the DNA.
If it's so "obvious", why is it only obvious to people with a very particular religious outlook to defend
Well that's exactly how I see evolutionists.Their religious outlook is that everything that exists can be attributed to random mistakes and natural processes. I'll bet it wasn't quite as 'obvious' when they were children not yet indoctrinated by 'science' and it's philosophy of naturalism. Evolution says that there is no God or if there is one, he didn't play a role of any importance and is basically negligable.It's a religious viewpoint that appears obvious to its supporters and thus defensible.
Surely it should be obvious to a whole range of people?
It is obvious to anyone who believes that the world was created -that covers quite a few religions not just some particular narrow or specific view.
why are these people unable to provide any evidence whatsoever beyond apologetics based on their favoured religious text or ad-hoc criticism of science done by others?
That's not true -the arguments put forward are scientific ones not based on any particular religious text and while some of the arguments are criticisms of the reigning view of evolution, there are also arguments based on the evidence for intelligence being involved in what exists.
This is speculation of course, but if humans did continue to advance their technology and were one day able to create life, does that mean that humankind would one day collectively reach the status of God?
No, I would think it means that we are creative like God is creative and that if we ever manage to create life that would prove that the creation of life requires intelligence.
Ever seen a close-up of a snowflake? Those structures arise from the chemical properties of water.
That may be but it doesn't prove that the design of a human body or any other form of life follows any chemical or physical laws. There was a book written on the subject of DNA called 'Chemical Predestination' where the author proposed that DNA may have formed due to chemical law. The author was Dean Kenyon. The book was in use for 20 years as a standard textbook but Dean Kenyon has since changed his mind and no longer believes that it's arrangement can be explained by natural law.He came across some argument that he said he could not refute and is now an ID proponent. You might find it interesting to find out what the argument was that stumped him and changed his mind. I don't have those details.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 56 by RickJB, posted 07-13-2008 11:53 AM RickJB has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 65 by Straggler, posted 07-14-2008 8:58 AM Beretta has not replied
 Message 66 by RickJB, posted 07-14-2008 8:59 AM Beretta has replied
 Message 69 by Blue Jay, posted 07-14-2008 10:57 AM Beretta has not replied

Beretta
Member (Idle past 5627 days)
Posts: 422
From: South Africa
Joined: 10-29-2007


Message 64 of 315 (475227)
07-14-2008 8:43 AM
Reply to: Message 62 by Coragyps
07-14-2008 7:42 AM


Natural law vs Intelligent Design
What is it that tells us that something is designed rather than just fallen into place from following the laws of nature?
You should look at William Dembski's argument for specified complexity and elimination of chance as a cause. He has come up with a way of assessing every situation using probability stats to decide causation of anything found in nature. It's well worth considering.
The wretched world lies now under the tyranny of foolishness; things are believed by Christians of such absurdity...Agobard of Lyons
That reminds me of the following:
"For the preaching of the cross is for them that perish foolishness; but unto us which are saved, it is the power of God." (1 Cor 1:18)
I sure hope Agobard changed his mind before he met his maker.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 62 by Coragyps, posted 07-14-2008 7:42 AM Coragyps has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 67 by Coragyps, posted 07-14-2008 9:13 AM Beretta has replied
 Message 71 by PaulK, posted 07-14-2008 1:25 PM Beretta has not replied
 Message 72 by Dr Adequate, posted 07-14-2008 2:33 PM Beretta has not replied

Straggler
Member (Idle past 95 days)
Posts: 10333
From: London England
Joined: 09-30-2006


Message 65 of 315 (475230)
07-14-2008 8:58 AM
Reply to: Message 63 by Beretta
07-14-2008 8:10 AM


Re: Design vs Evolution
Well design seems to be something that requires intelligence to produce it.It can't have a repetitive formula otherwise it could have been produced due to a natural law.
For example if Macbeth had to be converted into a formula, the formula would be as long as the play - there's no simple reduction formula possible.
Not of the whole. No. But you are ignoring the non-random component of selection that can be applied to gradual change.
For example the words on a scrabble game. If you mess the words up, you have destroyed the information but not the carrier of the information because the information component, the words, are not dependant apon the plastic or whatever the board and letters are made up of
If we randomly place all the letters on a scrabble board with no plan or design present we are extremely unlikely to produce the structured result of a completed game of scrabble. We would have to do this an impossible number of times to ever stand any chance of achieving an end result that replicated genuine design of the whole purely by chance. This is absolutely true.
However if we repeatedly randomly place the letters on a scrabble board but each time leave in place any words that are formed purely by chance......then what? Eventually we will have a board full of complete words. We will in effect end up with the appearance of design!!
If we 'select' for the 'attribute' of completed words such that completed words 'survive' then the appearance of design soon follows. No actual design takes place. Just selection.
In fact this analogy does not even go far enough because in the case of natural selection the 'words' that 'survive' would be the ones that go on to produce the next combination of letters. So the process would be even less random than the word example above.
The point is that if selection is thrown into the mix then the appearance of design naturally follows and the probability of apparent design being produced, given enough time and enough 'generations' is relatively high.
Can you not see that this is evidently true?
Edited by Straggler, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 63 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 8:10 AM Beretta has not replied

RickJB
Member (Idle past 5020 days)
Posts: 917
From: London, UK
Joined: 04-14-2006


Message 66 of 315 (475231)
07-14-2008 8:59 AM
Reply to: Message 63 by Beretta
07-14-2008 8:10 AM


Re: Design vs Evolution
Beretta writes:
Well design seems to be something that requires intelligence to produce it.....
Even if we accept your definition, it really doesn't answer the question - what constitutes design made by a creator? We still have no reason to assume that the creator's design is anything like our own.
The "information" (an ill-defined term) as you call it falls from the physical properties of the world we see around us. Nowhere, be it in DNA or elsewhere, do we see chemicals operating in a way that cotradicts either their own physical propeties or those of the universe at large.
Beretta writes:
I'll bet it wasn't quite as 'obvious' when they were children not yet indoctrinated by 'science' and it's philosophy of naturalism.
Careful, you're almost implying that ID is "obvious" to the inexperienced/uneducated!
When I was a small child it was "obvious" that the sun was an electric light of some kind, until my Dad explained it was a ball of hot gas 90 million miles away.
Beretta writes:
It is obvious to anyone who believes that the world was created
So you have to believe the world was created before it becomes "obvious"?
Beretta writes:
Dean Kenyon has since changed his mind
Kenyon became a creationist at some point in the 1970s. It's also interesting to learn that he hasn't had any research grants since the 1970s. I guess things are just "obvious" to him these days, so research isn't needed.....
Edited by RickJB, : No reason given.
Edited by RickJB, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 63 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 8:10 AM Beretta has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 70 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 1:12 PM RickJB has not replied

Coragyps
Member (Idle past 764 days)
Posts: 5553
From: Snyder, Texas, USA
Joined: 11-12-2002


Message 67 of 315 (475233)
07-14-2008 9:13 AM
Reply to: Message 64 by Beretta
07-14-2008 8:43 AM


Re: Natural law vs Intelligent Design
I sure hope Agobard changed his mind before he met his maker.
And why do you hope that? He was an archbishop in France who, says Wikipedia
In his writings against popular superstitions, he denounced the trial by ordeal of fire and water, the belief in witchcraft, and the ascription of tempests to magic, maintained the Carolingian opposition to image-worship, but carried his logic farther and opposed the adoration of the saints. In his purely theological works Agobard was strictly orthodox.
Or, Beretta, do you subscribe to trial by fire for suspected witches?

"The wretched world lies now under the tyranny of foolishness; things are believed by Christians of such absurdity as no one ever could aforetime induce the heathen to believe." - Agobard of Lyons, ca. 830 AD

This message is a reply to:
 Message 64 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 8:43 AM Beretta has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 68 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 10:26 AM Coragyps has not replied

Beretta
Member (Idle past 5627 days)
Posts: 422
From: South Africa
Joined: 10-29-2007


Message 68 of 315 (475243)
07-14-2008 10:26 AM
Reply to: Message 67 by Coragyps
07-14-2008 9:13 AM


Agobard
Excuse my historical ignorance -I thought Agobard, from that quote, was opposed to the message of Christianity not to some of the things that people ascribe to Christianity -my mistake.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 67 by Coragyps, posted 07-14-2008 9:13 AM Coragyps has not replied

Blue Jay
Member (Idle past 2727 days)
Posts: 2843
From: You couldn't pronounce it with your mouthparts
Joined: 02-04-2008


Message 69 of 315 (475249)
07-14-2008 10:57 AM
Reply to: Message 63 by Beretta
07-14-2008 8:10 AM


Re: Design vs Evolution
Hi, Beretta.
Beretta writes:
Well design seems to be something that requires intelligence to produce it.It can't have a repetitive formula otherwise it could have been produced due to a natural law.
This is a good start. The next thing to do is to look at the natural world and see if anything fits this definition. If you go down to a molecular level, you see that DNA is really just a long, repetitive formula of 4 bases. Furthermore, genes can be divided into "families" or groups based on their sequence similarity to one another. There is a repeated pattern of nested hierarchy at the population, organismal and molecular scales, which seems to me to contradict your definition.
If you studied insects (as I do), you'd also notice that everything about them is a repeated pattern. For us, legs are legs. For insects, legs are legs, antennae, mouthparts, and possibly even wings (I don't buy in to legs-to-wings (migrating coccopodite) theory, though). This is shown by a gene in Drosophila which causes the antennae to develop into legs. The development of legs and antennae is controlled by the same basic set of genes, except expressed differently in different parts of the body.
So, the insect's bauplan is a repetitive pattern, and the insect can be reduced to a simpler "formula": doesn't this violate your definition as given above?
Beretta writes:
Also something created by intelligence is not determined by the physical properties that it is composed of . How did the information component of DNA come together -the information that tells the cell what proteins to make; how do the proteins know which 3d shape to fold into in order to do their job.This information is not a component of the physical properties of the DNA but is carried by the arrangment of the DNA.
Actually, there is ample evidence that the folding of proteins into their 3D structures is based almost entirely on the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide. Also, the “information component” of DNA is just another effect of chemistry: tRNA’s are little nucleic acid chains that bridge the gap between the DNA template and the protein. These tRNA’s have two bond sites, one which is specific to a DNA codon (or to a set of codons), and one which is specific to an amino acid. This is why DNA can accurately code proteins, because the molecular machinery in the cell has become fine-tuned to favor the accurate transmission of sequence between DNA and protein.
Beretta writes:
I'll bet it wasn't quite as 'obvious' when they were children not yet indoctrinated by 'science' and it's philosophy of naturalism.
Science has never made the claim that the “obvious” must be true. Incidentally, neither did RickJB. In fact, science actually makes more of the counter-claim: that only rigorous testing yields reliable understanding. Much of what has been learned through the scientific method is very counter-intuitive (see “General Relativity” for a wonderful example of this). Experiments quite often return with results that the most astute of men would never have intuited in a thousand years.
Beretta writes:
Evolution says that there is no God or if there is one, he didn't play a role of any importance and is basically negligable.
I tend to think of evolution as saying that, if there is a God, this is how He did it. If evolution is, in fact, the Divine method of Creation, then science believes Him to have played a major role. Scientists will not say this, because we are committed to caution in our claims. All we can claim is that we see a pattern in nature, and the pattern follows our theory. I have said time and time again that I would not oppose science teachers teaching their children evolution and saying, at the end, “and God did it.”
Beretta, msg #59, writes:
Actually I'm not talking about just any painting -I'm talking about specified complexity.
I rather like the Jackson Pollock example. It shows that an intelligent designer does not necessarily imply an orderly design. It shows that the existence of God does not rule the possibility of a spontaneous, unguided “Creation” process. As a Christian, I believe that God could have created life from scratch. But, from what I’ve seen in the natural evidence, it does not look like He did.
Personally, if I were a grand, all-knowing and all-powerful Creator God, I would find it more interesting---and more fun---to let spontaneity rule. Where’s the fun in doing something that doesn’t take any thought or effort? That’s boring. Spontaneity at least has the possibility of surprising you.
Edited by Bluejay, : Additions.

Darwin loves you.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 63 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 8:10 AM Beretta has not replied

Beretta
Member (Idle past 5627 days)
Posts: 422
From: South Africa
Joined: 10-29-2007


Message 70 of 315 (475268)
07-14-2008 1:12 PM
Reply to: Message 66 by RickJB
07-14-2008 8:59 AM


Re: Design vs Evolution
what constitutes design made by a creator?
I would imagine anything that can't be reduced to a reductionist formula -something that requires imagination rather than pure physical law for its formation.
Nowhere, be it in DNA or elsewhere, do we see chemicals operating in a way that cotradicts either their own physical propeties or those of the universe at large.
No, not the chemicals, the organization of the parts of the DNA that allow them to send a message that can be interpreted by a receiver that then puts together something else.The chemical properties of the DNA is not the message or the code -it is the organization of its parts, much like a computer programme, that is beyond physical law. It's like the cd-rom that obeys the laws of whatever it is made of but the information on the cd-rom is not limited by the physical laws of the medium.
Got to go...can't finish now....

This message is a reply to:
 Message 66 by RickJB, posted 07-14-2008 8:59 AM RickJB has not replied

PaulK
Member
Posts: 17828
Joined: 01-10-2003
Member Rating: 2.5


Message 71 of 315 (475271)
07-14-2008 1:25 PM
Reply to: Message 64 by Beretta
07-14-2008 8:43 AM


Re: Natural law vs Intelligent Design
quote:
You should look at William Dembski's argument for specified complexity and elimination of chance as a cause. He has come up with a way of assessing every situation using probability stats to decide causation of anything found in nature. It's well worth considering.
That is overstating it. Dembski's method is a simple eliminative argument. It's only useful in cases where there are problems with positive arguments for design (which aren't part of Dembski's method) and the situation is simple enough that we can identify all the alternatives and calculate probabilities for them.
Unsurprisingly, it has never been successfully applied to biology and is largely ignored even within the ID movement. It's very hard to find cases where it is actually useful.
If that weren't enough, as Dembski has since recognised, a target chosen after the fact is not the same as one chosen in advance. Dembski's notion of specification isn't strong enough to make up the difference. So far as I know this problem has yet to be fixed.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 64 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 8:43 AM Beretta has not replied

Dr Adequate
Member (Idle past 314 days)
Posts: 16113
Joined: 07-20-2006


Message 72 of 315 (475272)
07-14-2008 2:33 PM
Reply to: Message 64 by Beretta
07-14-2008 8:43 AM


Re: Natural law vs Intelligent Design
You should look at William Dembski's argument for specified complexity and elimination of chance as a cause.
I have, it's rubbish.
Here's some of my critique:
Dembski's idea of whether a thing has CSI seems to vary according to how the thing was produced: for example, Dawkins' phrase "METHINKS IT IS VERY LIKE A WEASEL". According to Dembski, this has no CSI when produced by Dawkins' algorithm, because it was the inevitable result of the algorithm. But it is surely true that when Dawkins himself came up with the phrase "METHINKS IT IS VERY LIKE A WEASEL", he could have chosen any phrase he pleased: his choice was one out of the infinite possibilities of the English language; so when Dawkins wrote (or "intelligently designed") the phrase, it had very high CSI, being very improbable. So the very same phrase can have CSI of zero, if it is produced by an evolutionary algorithm, or infinity, if selected by an intelligent person from the infinite range of English sentences. If we need to know by what processes a thing was produced in order to know whether it has CSI, then we cannot use CSI to tell us how a thing was produced, because if we don't know how it was produced, we can't measure its CSI.
The problem of knowing whether snowflakes have CSI is another case in point. Dembski claims that snowflakes do not exhibit any CSI. This seems a strange claim, since the uniqueness of snowflakes is notorious, and therefore any particular snowflake would seem at first to be high in CSI. However, Behe argues that they do not have CSI because "such shapes form as a matter of necessity simply in virtue of the properties of water". But if Dembski doubted the naturalistic explanation that he gives for snowflakes, and supposed that God or Jack Frost must personally design each snowflake, then he would have to say that snowflakes have high CSI. It seems that in order to "detect" CSI, it is first necessary to make your mind up as to whether the object in question has a designer. Evidently Dembski has made up his mind. Thus, when he says that living organisms have high CSI, and snowflakes have low CSI, he is merely saying that he has made up his mind that the complexity of snowflakes is produced by natural causes and the complexity of living organisms is not. His attribution of CSI to some things and not to others is merely a way of stating in his own unique mathematical jargon that which he believes to be true.
In summary, it seems that Dembski's much-vaunted method of detecting design relies, crucially, on having knowledge of whether or not the thing in question was designed, which makes this method useless for the purpose for which it was intended.
He has come up with a way of assessing every situation using probability stats to decide causation of anything found in nature.
No.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 64 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 8:43 AM Beretta has not replied

ikabod
Member (Idle past 4523 days)
Posts: 365
From: UK
Joined: 03-13-2006


Message 73 of 315 (475316)
07-15-2008 3:58 AM
Reply to: Message 60 by ikabod
07-14-2008 6:36 AM


Re: Initial questions...
are you able to pick a creature for us to see where the design feature can be spotted ... or shall we move on from that ?? ...
your number 70 post ..
No, not the chemicals, the organization of the parts of the DNA that allow them to send a message that can be interpreted by a receiver that then puts together something else.The chemical properties of the DNA is not the message or the code -it is the organization of its parts, much like a computer programme, that is beyond physical law. It's like the cd-rom that obeys the laws of whatever it is made of but the information on the cd-rom is not limited by the physical laws of the medium.
really ..here is what wikipedia has to say on DNA and infomation ..
Information as an influence which leads to a transformation
Information is any type of pattern that influences the formation or transformation of other patterns. In this sense, there is no need for a conscious mind to perceive, much less appreciate, the pattern. Consider, for example, DNA. The sequence of nucleotides is a pattern that influences the formation and development of an organism without any need for a conscious mind. Systems theory at times seems to refer to information in this sense, assuming information does not necessarily involve any conscious mind, and patterns circulating (due to feedback) in the system can be called information. In other words, it can be said that information in this sense is something potentially perceived as representation, though not created or presented for that purpose.
hmmm seems DNA and its infomation can manage with out a designer .. who would have guessed that .. next ...
Edited by ikabod, : No reason given.

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Replies to this message:
 Message 76 by Beretta, posted 07-16-2008 9:22 AM ikabod has replied

Meddle
Member (Idle past 1300 days)
Posts: 179
From: Scotland
Joined: 05-08-2006


Message 74 of 315 (475442)
07-15-2008 9:48 PM
Reply to: Message 59 by Beretta
07-14-2008 6:01 AM


Re: Initial questions...
But isn't having some knowledge of the designer integral to identifying and understanding the designs? Take your example of a painting. Obviously we can look at it and agree that it's designed, maybe even discuss its aesthetic qualities, but that won't advance our understanding of it. To do that you would need to know something of the designer/artist. Why use that style or palette ? Why choose that subject matter? How does this compare to other artists? Etc. From all this, even without a name, we can get some idea who the artist was.
Similarly in nature, if you've identified something that is designed, do you simply take a moment to appreciate the design and move on, or do you make some effort to understand the design? If the latter, how do you do this without some idea of the designer? Can you answer questions like, why do mammals have three different ways to reproduce? Or why do octopi have better 'designed' eyes than humans? Or does the extinct organisms found in the fossil record represent failed designs or a work in progress? And how do we know there is even one designer, since a painting 'designed' by Van Gogh and one 'designed' by rembrandt can be recognised as created by two different people?
So, of the various designs you see in nature (but you have so far failed to cite, as others have noted on this thread) what does this tell us about your designer?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 59 by Beretta, posted 07-14-2008 6:01 AM Beretta has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 75 by Beretta, posted 07-16-2008 9:19 AM Meddle has replied

Beretta
Member (Idle past 5627 days)
Posts: 422
From: South Africa
Joined: 10-29-2007


Message 75 of 315 (475473)
07-16-2008 9:19 AM
Reply to: Message 74 by Meddle
07-15-2008 9:48 PM


Who is the designer?
But isn't having some knowledge of the designer integral to identifying and understanding the designs
Maybe it would help with understanding but I don't think that it's necessary to know who the designer is in order to be able to identify design.It should give us reason to look for the designer but still first things first - are we alone or is a designer responsible for all the amazing creatures that do exist?
Obviously we can look at it and agree that it's designed, maybe even discuss its aesthetic qualities, but that won't advance our understanding of it.
I reckon that once you recognize that there has to be a designer, you would want to try and find out who that designer is. If you are told from early childhood that there is only apparent design but that it is not real design and nothing is responsible for our being here, you won't be particularly interested in the question and may miss out on something major about life that you really need to know.
Can you answer questions like, why do mammals have three different ways to reproduce?
Design?
Or why do octopi have better 'designed' eyes than humans?
We live in a different environment, maybe it's not a 'better' design just different reflecting something they need that we don't. I can only think our eye design is pretty brilliant if you look at the details.
And how do we know there is even one designer, since a painting 'designed' by Van Gogh and one 'designed' by rembrandt can be recognised as created by two different people?
Common genetic code - we need to be able to eat and use what we eat for our own growth and maintenance.
So, of the various designs you see in nature - what does this tell us about your designer?
Very imaginative, very mathematical, very brilliant - way beyond our limited brains and abilities to understand in more than a fairly elementary way.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 74 by Meddle, posted 07-15-2008 9:48 PM Meddle has replied

Replies to this message:
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